HomeMy WebLinkAboutOrd1982-508
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INTRODUCED BY: City Attorney
.RO~ION DATE: 04/12/82
LI~ARING & ENACTMENT DATE:
05/10/82
CITY OF SEWARD, ALASKA
ORDINANCE NO. 508
AN ORDINANCE AMENDING THE CITY OF SEWARD CODE
BY PROVIDING FOR REGULATION OF ITEMS DESIGNED
OR MARKETED FOR USE WITH CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES.
WHEREAS, the City has a legitimate interest in
protecting its residents from the rapid proliferation of use of
controlled substances which the State of Alaska has declared
illegal and which may be physically harmful, and
WHEREAS, the sale of items designed or marketed for use
with controlled substances condones, glamorizes and advocates the
use of controlled substances, and
WHEREAS, the dangers of glamorization, condonation and
advocacy of the use of controlled substances are particularly
acute among adolescent and school age children in the City, and
WHEREAS, some items that are similar to those that are
designed or marketed for use with controlled substances may have
legitimate uses, and
WHEREAS, the City does not desire to
such items that may be legitimate items and
marketed for use with controlled substances, and
ban the sale of
not designed or
WHEREAS, the Model Drug Paraphernalia Act drafted by
the Drug Enforcement Administration of the United States
Department of Justice and the official commentary thereto provide
adequate fair warning to citizens of what items may be subject to
regulation under this Ordinance when the intent of the design
and/or marketing of such items is considered in accordance with
principles recognized by the united States Supreme Court, and
WHEREAS, by regulating the sale of such i terns rather
than prohibiting possession, or possession with intent to sell,
or sale, there will be a minimum interference with the rights of
privacy of Seward citizens and lawful uses.
NOW THEREFORE BE IT ORDAINED by the City Council of the
City of Seward as follows:
Section 1. That the City Code of the City of Seward is
amended by adding thereto an additional Article, Article VIII of
Chapter 15, which additional Article shall read as follows:
ARTICLE VIII
Regulation of Items Designed or Marketed for Use With
Controlled Substances.
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15.08.010. Definitions. As used in this chapter, the
following terms shall have the meanings as defined herein.
(A) "Controlled substance" means a narcotic drug as
defined in AS 17.10.230 (13) and as supplemented by any
regulations adopted under AS 17.10~ and a depressant,
hallucinogenic, or stimulant drug as defined in AS 17.12.150(3),
and as supplemented by any regulations adopted under AS 17.12.
(8) "Items designed or marketed for use with controlled
substances" are those items, objects or effects which are
principally used with controlled substances by virtue of features
designed by the manufacturers and/or those items which are
intentionally displayed and marketed in a manner that appeals to
or encourages illegal use of controlled substances, and includes
but is not limited to: *
(1) Kits designed or marketed for use in planting,
propagating, cultivating, growing or harvesting of any
species of plant which is a controlled substance or from
which a controlled substance can be derived~
(2) Kits designed or marketed
manufacturing, compounding, converting,
processing, or preparing controlled substances~
(3) Isomerization devices designed or marketed for
use in increasing the potency of any species of plant which
is a controlled substance~
(4) Testing equipment designed or marketed for use
in identifying or in analyzing the strength, effectiveness or
purity of controlled substances;
(5) Scales and balances designed or marketed for
use in weighing or measuring controlled substances~
(6) Dilutents and adulterants, such as quinine
hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose and lactose,
designed or manufactured for use in cutting controlled
substances~
(7) Separation gins and sifters designed or
marketed for use in removing twigs and seeds from, or in
otherwise cleaning or refining marijuana~
(8) Blenders, bowls, containers, spoons and mixing
devices designed or marketed for use in compounding
controlled substances;
(9) Capsules, balloons, envelopes and other
containers designed or marketed for use in packaging small
quantities of controlled substances;
(10) Containers and other items designed or
marketed for use in storing or concealing controlled
substances~
for use in
producing,
* For a discussion of this definition generally see village of
Hoffman Estates v. Flipside, 42LW 4267 (March 3, 1982), and
Articie I of the Model Drug paraphernalia Act developed by the
Drug Enforcement Administration of the Department of Justice.
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(11) HYPodermic syringes, needles and other items
designed or marketed for use in parenterally injecting
controlled substances into the human body~
(12) Items designed or marketed for use in
ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing marlJuana,
cocaine, hashish, or hashish oil into the human body, such
as:
plastic,
permanent
bowls~
(a) Metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone,
or ceramic pipes with or without screens,
screens, hashish heads, or punctured metal
(b) Water pipes~
(c) Carburetion tubes and devices;
(d) Smoking and carburet ion masks~
(e) Roach clips: meaning items used
burning material such as a marijuana cigarette
become too small or too short to be held in the
(f) Miniature cocaine spoons and
to hold
that has
hand~
cocaine
vials;
(g) Chamber pipes~
(h) Carburetor pipes~
(i) Electric pipes~
(j) Air-driven pipes~
(k) Chillums~
(1) Bongs~
(m) Ice pipes or chillers~
(C) In determing whether an item is designed or marketed
for use with controlled substances a court or other authority
should consider, in addition to all other logically relevant
factors, the following:
(1) Statements by a licensee under this Article or
by anyone in control of the item concerning its use~
(2) prior convictions, if any, of a licensee under
or of anyone in control of the item under any State or
Federal law relating to any controlled substance~
(3) The proximity of the object in time and space
to a direct violation of AS 17.10 or AS 17.12~
(4) The proximity of the object to controlled
substances~
(5) The existence of any residue of controlled
substances on the object~
(6) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the intent
of a licensee under this Article or of anyone in control of
the item to deliver it to persons whom he knows or should
reasonably know, intend to use the item to facilitate a
violation of AS 17.10 or AS 17.12~ the innocence of an owner,
or of anyone in control of the item as to a direct violation
of AS 17.10 or AS 17.12 shall not prevent a finding that the
item designed or marketed for use with controlled substances.
(7) Instructions, oral or written, provided with
the item concerning its use~
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which explain
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use~
(10)
sale~
Descriptive materials accompanying the item
or depict its use~
National and local advertis ing concerning its
The manner in which the item is displayed for
(11) Whether the licensee under this Article, or
anyone in control of the item, is a legitimate supplier of
like or related items to the community such as a licensed
distributor or dealer of tobacco products~
(12) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio
of sales of the item (s) to the total sales of the bus iness
enterprise~
(13) The existence and scope of legitimate uses for
the item in the community~
(14) Expert testimony concerning its use.
15.08.020. License Required. It shall be unlawful for
any person or persons as principal, clerk, agent or servant to
sell any item which is designed or marketed for use with
controlled substances unless such person shall have a license for
such sale issued by the Clerk of the City of Seward in accordance
with this Article. Such licenses shall be in addition to any or
all other licenses held by applicant.
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15.08.030. Application for License. An application to
sell any item designed or marketed for use with controlled
substances shall be on forms provided by the City Clerk and shall
be accompanied by affidavits by applicant and each and every
employee authorized to sell such items that each such person has
never been convicted of an offense relating to the use,
possession, or sale of controlled substances.
15.08.040. Sale
or give items designed
substances to any male or
to Minors. It
or marketed
female child.
shall be unlawful to sell
for use with controlled
15.08.050. Records. Every licensee must keep a record
of every item designed or marketed for use with controlled
substances which is sold and this record shall be open to the
inspection of any police officer at any time during the hours of
business. Such record shall contain the name and address of the
purchaser, the name and quantity of the item, the date and time
of the sale, and the licensee or agent of the licensee's
signature. Such records shall be retained for not less than two
(2) years. Each licensee shall require identification of each
purchaser sufficient to verify that the purchaser is not a minor
and to verify the name and address of the purchaser. Such records
shall not be disclosed to the public and shall be made available
only to law enforcement officials.
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15.08.060. Remedies.
(A) A person who violates any provision of this chapter
shall be subject to a civil penalty of not less than $50.00 nor
more than $1,000.00 for each offense or injunctive relief to
restrain the person from continuing the violation or threat of
violation, or both injunctive relief and a civil penalty. Upon
application for injunctive relief and a finding that a person is
violating or threatening to violate any provision of this
chapter, the Superior Court shall grant injunctive relief to
restrain the violation.
(B) Each day of violation of any provision of this
chapter shall constitute a separate offense.
15.08.070. Severability. If any provision of this
chapter or the application thereof to any person or circumstance
is held invalid, the invalidity shall not affect other provisions-
or applications of the chapter which can be given effect without
the invalid provisions of this chapter.
Section 2. Effective Date. This ordinance shall become
effective on May 20 , 1982.
ENACTED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SEWARD,
ALASKA, this lath day of May , 1982.
CI/7~~
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C. Keith Campbell
Vice-Mayor
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT:
BURGESS, MEEHAN, O'BRIEN, SORIANO, SWARTZ AND CAMPBELL
NONE
CRIPPS
ATTEST:
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
HUGHES, THORSNESS, GANTZ,
POWELL & BRUNDIN, Attorneys
for the City of Seward
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Fred B. Arvidson, Esq.
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