HomeMy WebLinkAbout02082021 City Council Work Session Packet - Forensic AuditSeward City Council
Work Session Packet
Topic: Discuss the Request for Proposal (RFP)
for a Forensic Audit
Virtual Meeting
February 8, 2021
City Council Chambers
Immediately following the adjournment of the WaterlSewer Rate Study Work Session
Instructions For
CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT
DURING CITY COUNCIL Virtual WORK SESSIONS
Due to COVID-19, alternate methods for citizen involvement during City Council work sessions
have been created to allow public interaction while keeping everyone safe and healthy. Although
there is no in person public attendance allowed, council wants to encourage citizen participation.
If you wish to participate in a work session, please follow these simple steps:
STEP 1: Sign up on the city clerk's contact list. Send an email to clerk2cityofseward.net
and request to be included on the contact list AND provide your phone number.
Sign up by 4:00 p.m. on the day of the work session. You'll receive a confirmation
email from the city clerk that you're on the list; if you don't receive the
confirmation, please call 224-4045 to confirm.
STEP 2: Keep your phone handy throughout the work session. When answering your phone,
please mute any background noise so you can be heard by council clearly.
How it will work:
During regular intervals throughout the work session, the proceedings will be halted and the city
clerk will call citizens who have signed up. After all citizens have been contacted, council will
continue the work session.
Citizens sign up one time per work session, and will be contacted at every interval during the work
session. Each time you are called, the city clerk will ask if you wish to be contacted at the next
interval during that work session.
How to watch or listen to a work session:
Watch Live Streaming on the city's YouTube page. Log onto YouTube and type "City of
Seward Alaska" into the search bar or go to:
2. httDs://www.voutube.com/channel/UCWzsXcDwdvklHKGavYS UNO
3. Listen on the radio. Tune to KIBH-FM 91.7
4. Watch on television. Tune into GCI Cable Channel 9.
Attending via ZOOM
Enter the following information in the Zoom App or www.zoom.us
Webinar ID: 968 9320 5754 Passcode: 506050
or Telephone: US: +1 408 638 0968 or 833 548 0282 (Toll Free)
CITY OF SEWARD REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS
FORENSIC AUDIT SERVICES
Issue Date: February 2021
Bid Opening: March 2021
1. INTENT AND GENERAL INFORMATION
At the request of the City of Seward Council, the following request for proposal (RFP) is to contract
forensic audit services to be provided to the City of Seward. The audit will focus on examining, reviewing,
and recalculating every City of Seward utility bill for calendar years 2018, 2019 and 2020. Each utility is
accounted for as an enterprise fund. The rates for each utility are set by tariffs approved by the City
Council. Rates are set based on customer classifications. Each utility also has policies which can impact
how a customer is classified and whether (for water and sewer utilities) usage is metered or charged at a
flat rate. All electric utility customers are billed based on meter readings and actual usage. All electric
meter readings are collected by drive -by radio frequencies and a handheld collection device. Meters for
those water utility customers whose service is metered is done manually. Other water and sewer utility
customers are billed at flat monthly rates. There are approximately 970 sewer customers, 996 water
customers and 2,900 electric meters read each month. Billings for all utilities are combined in a monthly
statement issued by the City's Finance Department.
2. WHO MAY RESPOND:
Only firms or individuals qualified to perform independent audits of municipalities in the State of Alaska
and have certification in financial forensics (CFF) or as a Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE). The
respondent must have been engaged during the last five years in Alaska or elsewhere as independent
Forensic Auditors. The individual or firm must be a member of the American Institute of Certified Public
Accountants. The firm is not required to maintain an office within the State of Alaska.
3. SUBMISSION AND DEADLINE:
Offeror's responding to this RFP are hereby notified that all proposals submitted, and information
contained herein and attached thereto will not become public information until selection of the successful
auditor/firm.
Except as otherwise provided above, no trade secrets or commercial or financial information shall be
accepted in confidence unless, and then only to the extent, the City Manager specifically agrees in writing
to the contrary.
All proposals must be received mailed or hand -delivered by 1:00 p.m. local time on
February , 2021. Four (4) original hard copies and one (1) electronic copy (flash drive or disk) shall be
submitted in one package to:
Brenda Ballou, City Clerk
City of Seward
410 Adams Street
PO Box 167
Seward, AK 99664
Forensic Audit
Services RFP-
1
Clerk's note: The public opening
needs to be scheduled and included in
the notice.
Questions regarding this RFP should be directed to Stephen Sowell, Assistant City Manager, at
ssowellgcityofseward.net . Questions must be received at least five (5) days prior to date fixed for
opening of proposals to be given consideration. Prospective respondents are requested to limit their
contact with the City regarding the RFP to the person(s) named herein.
All offeror's who are furnished a copy of this RFP, but who decide not to offer a proposal to the City of
Seward for this project are kindly requested to submit a negative reply.
The original proposal shall be placed along with the electronic copy in one sealed envelope bearing the
name and address of the respondent and clearly marked with the words "RFP for Forensic Audit
Services".
4. SCOPE OF SERVICES:
The selected firm shall be retained for the express purpose of:
1. Performing such forensic accounting procedures as are necessary to identify and quantify any and all irregular
procedures, policies and practices impacting the accuracy of invoices issued to customers of the City of Seward water,
sewer and electric utilities during calendar years 2018, 2019 and 2020 including the following issues:
a. are invoices consistent with applicable tariff provisions?
b. are invoices consistent with meter reading records?
c. have the classifications of rate payers for billing purposes been correctly and consistently performed?
d. has the policy for placement of demand meters been correctly and consistently applied?
e. has the calculation of equivalent residential units (ERU's) for purposes of invoicing for water and sewer
services been consistently and correctly performed?
A comprehensive review of every monthly invoice issued to residential, commercial, and industrial customers
during calendar years 2018, 2019 and 2020 is requested.
2. During the course of the initial investigation the scope of work may be further expanded or altered at the
recommendation of the auditor with written approval of the City Council.
3. Following completion of the forensic audit, the auditor shall issue a written report communicating all discovered
abnormal activity, past or present, its quantification, cause, and consequence.
4. The auditor shall orally report its findings to the City Council.
For the forensic activity so engaged, the auditor will be required to quantify and document its results to a
level consistent with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and Government Auditing Standards.
6. It is further expected that the auditor will advise the City Council and recommend to the City Council
appropriate actions to prevent further irregular activities relating to invoicing, standard operating procedures for customer
billing, and billing policies.
Forensic Audit
Services RFP-
2
5. TIMEFRAMES
5.1 RFP Schedule is as follows:
Proposals due: March 81h, 2021
Proposal Review Completed: March 15th 2021
Recommendation and Selection: Following March 22nd, 2021
5.2 Term of Contract:
All work to be completed within 120 days from award of contract.
6. CONTRACT MANAGEMENT:
The contact person for this contract shall be the City Manager or his / her designee.
The selected offeror will identify one person who is to be the contact for this RFP.
7. EVALUATION AND AWARD:
7.1 Selection Criteria
The contract will be awarded in the best interest of the City to the offeror who submits a response
which is deemed to provide for the highest quality of service at a fair and competitive price which is
most advantageous to the City, price and other factors considered. Selection criteria include:
Capability to perform the Scope of Work in a timely manner
Past Experience in performing similar work.
Proposed Hourly Rates
It is expected that a decision selecting the successful offeror will be made within four (4) weeks of the
closing date for the receipt of proposals. Upon conclusion of final negotiations with the successful offeror,
all Offerors submitting proposals in response to this RFP will be informed, in writing, of the name of the
successful consultant.
Selection Procedures:
7.1.1 The City of Seward reserves the right to reject any or all proposals or parts thereof for any
reason to negotiate changes to proposal terms and to waive minor inconsistencies with the
RFP. The City of Seward reserves the right to select based on qualifications, experience in
providing similar services elsewhere, the proposal's responsiveness to the Request for
Proposals requirements; and to negotiate a contract with the consultant.
7.1.2 Proposals in response to this RFP will be reviewed against the criteria listed above and
award of the contract shall be made in accordance with standard purchasing procedures.
7.1.3 The Seward City Council and Seward City Manager and Assistant City Manager will review
the proposals.
7.1.4 The City may enter into a contract with the most responsible respondent whose proposal is
Forensic Audit
Services RFP-
3
determined to be in the best interest of the City.
8. ALTERNATIVES AND EXCEPTIONS:
The City may accept proposals which take exceptions to any requirements in the RFP, or which offer any
alternative to a requirement herein. Any exception or alternative must be clearly delineated and cannot
materially affect the substance of the RFP.
9. PROPOSALS:
The City will not be liable for costs incurred in the preparation of the responses to the RFP or in connection
with any presentation before a selection committee. Proposals submitted must be bound, paginated, indexed
and numbered consecutively. Respondents shall submit as their proposal the following:
9.1 Organization and Content:
9.1.1 Letter of Transmittal:
A letter of transmittal addressed to Norm Regis, Acting City Manager, which includes a
statement by the respondent accepting all terms and conditions and requirements contained
in the RFP. The letter should also include a brief discussion of the respondent's background,
experience, and ability to perform this contract in accordance with the Scope of Services.
Also, to be provided is a listing of clients for whom similar services were performed, and
the nature of the project.
9.1.2 Proiect Understanding:
Please provide a written discussion in enough detail to demonstrate an understanding of the
contract's scope and the service required.
9.1.3 Experience:
Please provide a detailed written summary of the firm's history in similar roles.
9.1.4 Staff Plan:
The proposal should state the size of the firm, the size of the firm's forensic governmental
audit staff, the location of the office(s) from which the work on this engagement is to be
performed and the number and nature of the staff to be employed on this engagement. Please
identify key personnel whom the firm may designate to perform forensic audit services for
the City of Seward, their certifications, their background, and experience in similar roles.
9.1.5 References:
Must provide a list of three references. Please include names, titles, addresses, and telephone
numbers as to allow the City to contact these references. The firm shall also provide
information on the results of the firm's latest federal or state desk reviews or field reviews
of its audits.
9.1.6 Service Plan:
Forensic Audit
Services RFP-
4
Provide a detailed itemized plan of proposed services and methods that will be employed to
conduct the forensic audit.
9.1.8 Services Expected of the Citv:
Define the nature and scope of all services to be provided by the City.
9.1.9 Fee Proposal:
The Offeror's proposed price should include information on the hourly billing rates of each person
who is expected to work on this project and charges for expenses, if any, such as copies, and
faxes. The proposal should also estimate the number of hours anticipated to be required to complete
all tasks identified in the Scope of Work.
9.2 Required Forms to be Submitted with Proposal:
Fair Employment Practice Qualifications for Bidders
Non -collusive Affidavit
Alaska Business License
City of Seward Business License
Independence - The firm should provide an affirmative statement that it is independent of the City
of Seward as defined by generally accepted accounting standards and the U.S. Comptroller General's
Government Auditing Standards.
10. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND CONDITIONS
Insurance Indemnification:
The contractor shall procure and maintain at its own expense, the following insurance: (See
Appendix _ for a more detailed explanation of the City's Insurance and Indemnification
requirements).
Note: Insurance Certificates in accordance with the requirements contained herein must be
submitted to the City prior to the issuance of a Purchase Order.
Conditions:
Respondents to this RFP will be expected to adhere to the following conditions and must make a
positive statement to that effect in its proposal submitted:
1. Have personnel/resources reserve enough to assure task continuity.
2. Agree that the resultant contract may be terminated in the event of non -
appropriation of funds.
3. Agree to conform to all applicable laws and ordinances and statutes of the Federal
Government, State of Alaska and City of Seward, including but not limited to the
Forensic Audit
Services RFP-
5
following:
`Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended
`Civil Rights Act of 1991, as amended
`The Municipal Code of the City of Seward
4. Agree that if the City cannot in good faith negotiate a written contract within a
reasonable time with the selected respondent, the City may unilaterally cancel its
selection of that respondent.
5. Agree that periodic payments to the Auditor will be made as agreed upon in the
signed contract with the City.
6. Agree that the contract between the City and the respondent shall be governed by
and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Alaska and the ordinances
of the City of Seward.
11. EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER
As a condition of doing business with the City, Offerors' must be certified by the City as an Equal
Employment Opportunity Employer. The Fair Employment Practice Qualifications for Bidders is enclosed
for this purpose and is made an integral part of this proposal. Please complete the form in its entirety and
return it, with all necessary attachments and an authorized original signature affixed, with the proposal
submitted.
12. TAX STATUS
In accordance with the Municipal Code of the City of Seward, the selected respondent must be current in
all tax obligations to the City of Seward. A respondent found to be delin pent in the payment of personal
or real property taxes or found to be the owner of an interest of twenty tive percent (25%) or more in a
corporation that is delinquent in the payment of personal or real property taxes shall not be considered
for RFP award.
12. TAXPAYER'S IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
Each respondent, whether an individual, propprietor, ppartnership or anon -profit corporation or organization
must provide a completed Form W-9 to the Z'ity indicating its Taxpayer Identification Number.
13. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND REVISIONS TO PROPOSALS
Information may be provided to potential respondents for the purpose of clarification to assure full
understanding of, and responsiveness to the Request for Proposals requirements. Prospective respondents
shall be afforded fair and equal treatment with respect to access to additional information and revision of
proposals.
14. NON -RESPONSIBLE PROPOSER
Pursuant to Seward Code of Ordinance Section 6.10.135, any respondent who is found to have previously
held a contract with the City which was terminated for default, or who has previously been involved in
litigation with the City as an opponent of the City, may be deemed non -responsible and not eligible for
contract award.
15. NO GUARANTEES
This Request for Proposals, and any responses thereto, does not constitute a contract of any kind. The
City makes no guarantees with respect to a grant of award and/or contract to any responsible and
responsive respondent to this Request for Proposals.
16. BID SECURITY
Because this proposal does not request fixed -price bids, the requirements of a bid security is waived. See
Seward Code of 'Ordinances Section 6.10.226.
Forensic Audit
Services RFP-
6
FAIR EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES FOR QUALIFICATIONS OF BIDDERS
CITY OF SEWARD, ALASKA
THIS QUESTIONNAIRE ON FAIR EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES FOR THE QUALIFICATIONS OF
BIDDERS IS PART OF THIS BID DOCUMENT AND MUST BE RETURNED WITH YOUR BID. FAILURE
TO COMPLETE THIS FORM MAY BE SUFFICIENT CAUSE FOR REJECTION OF YOUR BID. IT WILL
BE NECESSARY TO SUBMIT THIS FORM ON AN ANNUAL BASIS IN ORDER FOR THE CITY TO
MAINTAIN AND UP-TO-DATE FILE ON YOUR PROGRESS IN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY
EMPLOYMENT. AS REQUIRED BY FEDERAL AND STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS, THE CITY
MAY REQUEST ADDITIONAL EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY INFORMATION FROM YOU.
"FAIR" OR "EQUAL EMPLOYMENT" MEANS THE PRACTICE OF NOT DISCRIMINATING AMONG
PERSONS ON THE BASIS OF RACE, COLOR, SEX, NATIONAL ORIGIN OR AGE.
THIS QUESTIONNAIRE WILL BE EVALUATED BY THE PURCHASING AGENT AND HIS
RECOMMENDATIONS WILL BE A FACTOR IN DETERMINING WHETHER YOUR FIRM IS TO BE
RETAINED ON THE CITY' S BID LIST.
SECTION PLEASE ANSWER ALL THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
A NAME OF FIRM
ADDRESS
TELEPHONE NUMBER
NATURE OF BUSINESS
NUMBER OF FULL TIME EMPLOYEES
PERSON FILLING OUT FORM
TITLE
SECTION DO YOU HAVE A WRITTEN EQUAL EMPLOYMENT POLICY? YES NO
B IF YES, PLEASE ATTACH COPY
IF NO, DO YOU PLAN TO ADOPT ONE IN THE NEAR FUTURE? YES NO
SECTION DO YOU HAVE A WRITTEN AFFIRMATIVE ACTION POLICY? YES NO
C IF YES, PLEASE ATTACH COPY
IF NO, DO YOU PLAN TO ADOPT ONE IN THE NEAR FUTURE? YES NO
SECTION DO YOU UTILIZE AFFIRMATIVE ACTION IN EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES, SUCH
Forensic Audit
Services RFP-
7
AS ADVERTISING ALL POSITIONS WITH THE EQUAL OPPORTUNITY
D CLAUSE, MAKING SPECIAL EFFORTS TO RECRUIT MINORITY AND
FEMALE JOB APPLICANTS AND REVIEWING JOB -TESTING PROCECURES TO
ENSURE THAT NO DISCRIMINATORY BIASES EXIST? YES NO
SECTION NAME OF OFFICER OF FIRM
E SIGNATURE OF OFFICER
DATE
CITY OF SEWARD
NON -COLLUSIVE AFFIDAVIT OF PROPOSER
The undersigned proposer, having fully informed themselves regarding the accuracy of the statements made
herein certifies that:
(1) the proposer developed the bid independently and submitted it without collusion with, and without
any agreement, understanding, or planned common course of action with any other entity designed
to limit independent bidding or competition, and
(2) the proposer, its employees and agents have not communicated the contents of the bid to any
person not an employee or agent of the proposer and will not communicate the proposal to any
such person prior to the official opening of the proposal.
The undersigned proposer further certifies that this statement is executed for the purpose of inducing the City of
Seward to consider the proposal and make an award in accordance therewith.
Legal Name of Proposer/Firm Business Address
Signature and Title Date
Printed Name of Title Person
Subscribed and sworn to me this day of , 20
Notary Public
My Commission Expires
CITY OF SEWARD
Forensic Audit
Services RFP-
8
City Clerk's Office
410 Adams Street
P.O. Box 167
Seward, AK 99664
"NO BID" RESPONSE
Name of Bid/RFP/RFO:
Date of Bid Opening:
For tracking, audit, and record -keeping purposes, we would very much appreciate knowing the reason why you
have chosen not to submit a proposal for the above -referenced Public Bid, RFP or RFQ.
Would you please take a moment to provide a brief explanation below for not submitting a proposal to us for this
project?
Please also indicate if you would like to continue to receive bids and quotes from us in the future for above -
referenced related purchases. If we do not receive this form back, we will assume you are no longer interested in
receiving bids and quotes from us.
Please continue to send me bids, quotes, and RFPs. Yes No
Company name
Mailing address
Email address
Your name
This form may be mailed, faxed, or e-mailed back to us at:
Date
City of Seward
Attn: City Clerk
410 Adams Street
P.O. Box 167
Seward, AK 99664
Fax: 907 -
E-mail: BBalloukcilyofseward.net
Thank you for your response
Forensic Audit
Services RFP-
9
1 /26/2021 Forensic Audit vs. Internal Audit: What's the Difference?
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Forensic Audit vs. Internal Audit:
Difference?
By Doug Cash
Related Solutions:
What's the
Internal Audit11 Forensic Data Analytics Audit Forensic Accounting Fraud Prevention
Casino Internal Audit Outsourcing
When it comes to auditing your organization, many think it's simply a financial requirement
to ensure compliance. However, this type of financial audit is just one of many types of audits
your organization can go through. Other types of audits can be used to review the health or
your organization, uncover potential areas of vulnerability and ensure proper controls are in
place.
Understanding the difference between different types of audits is essential to knowing which
is the right type for your organization.
Learn more about the different type of audits.
WATCH THE VIDEO
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Forensic Audit vs. Internal Audit: What's the Difference?
Forensic Audit vs. Internal Audit: Understanding the
Difference
An audit is defined as "a formal examination of an organization's or individual's accounts or
financial situation" It is conducted by a public accounting firm for the purpose of providing
"comfort" in relation to an organization's financial statements.
In many organizations, members of the audit committee, board of directors, owners,
managers or other individuals in supervisor positions have limited (if any) experience with
other types of audits, including forensic or internal audits. If they are unsure of which
direction to turn, they may go seeking the wrong solution.
Let's look at the differences between these two audits. To start, what is a forensic accountant?
A forensic accountant is defined as "someone whosejob is examining financial records to
help find out whether a crime has been committed, or help with a legal case"
An internal auditor is defined as "a person who does internal audits for a company."
Taking it a step further, the definition of a forensic audit is "an examination of financial
records to find any illegal financial activity," while an internal audit is defined as "an
examination of a company's accounts or activities by its own accountants or managers"
The word "forensic" is often misunderstood in the context of an audit. Forensic simply means
"suitable to courts of judicature or to public discussion and debate"
When you compare that to the definition of an audit, you will see a major difference between
the two. The objective of a forensic audit is to investigate the matter with the intention it will
appear in court for some type of trial or mediation. An audit, on the other hand, is prepared to
be presented to the company's governing body or owners to discuss the financial health of the
organization.
The Meaning of a Forensic Audit
Forensic audits are conducted with the understanding the matter will appear in court. This could
be in relation to a trial or some form of mediation.
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liFWANIN
Forensic Audit vs. Internal Audit: What's the Difference?
Most of forensic audits and forensic examinations are conducted by Certified Fraud
Examiners (CFEs), or forensic accountants who are normally considered experts in a specific
field of forensic accounting.
Internal audits are often conducted by either Certified Internal Auditors (CIAs) or other
accounting professionals.
How to Determine if You Need a Forensic or Internal Audit
To determine the need for an internal audit or a forensic audit/examination, consider the
following: Your organization may need an internal audit if:
Ethical or accuracy lapses have occurred and/or accountability is lacking.
Specialized expertise is required to accomplish projects beyond regular operations.
Risks in operations, compliance and reporting are unrecognized or are increasing
due to significant changes in the industry, technology, laws and regulations.
Existing policies and procedures are not being followed.
nformation technology data breaches have occurred or there is significant
concern that such risk exists.
Compliance with laws and regulations is a significant burden; noncompliance may
become a serious issue if not monitored and evaluated.
Those charged with governance are focused on the "big picture," but remain
concerned about what they may not know about the specifics (or vice versa).
Communications internally have led to morale and turnover issues, and/or externa
communication quality has led to an air of skepticism from stakeholders about
operations.
On the other hand, your organization may need a forensic audit/examination if:
Suspicions of fraud or theft arise.
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1 /26/2021 Forensic Audit vs. Internal Audit: What's the Difference?
Turnover has occurred and account balances are not what they should be
(positively or negatively).
Accounts that were thought to be in your entity's name are not really owned by
your entity.
Reconciliation procedures result in timing differences or unidentified differences,
or they don't reconcile at all.
Vendors that should have been paid have not been paid, and/or customers that
should have paid have not.
Theft of personally identifiable information has occurred or business systems have
been hacked.
Labor and materials have resulted in poor quality products that are not selling (or
worse, are out of compliance with laws and regulations).
A whistleblower hotline identified issues such as assets stolen or other
defalcations.
The Importance of Knowing the Difference Between Forensic vs. Internal Audit
While some matters require both a forensic audit/examination and an internal audit, the key
to determining which service to use is to determine the time and objectives of the project(s).
Aforensic audit/examination is designed to focus on reconstructing past financial transactions
for a specific purpose, such as concerns of fraud, whereas an internal audit is typically
focused more on compliance and/or the performance of the organization.
When in doubt, your organization should reach out to both a forensic accountant (also
known as forensic auditor) and an internal auditor to further discuss your needs. These
professionals can assist you with determining which service offering is more appropriate for
the scope of the matter as well as ensure that the most qualified person(s) are on your
engagement team.
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liFWANIN
Forensic Audit vs. Internal Audit: What's the Difference?
Want to learn more?
We recommend these resources:
• Listen to Eide Bailly's senior manager + Fraud Investigator discuss how to
prevent, detect and respond to dishonest employees during the Monday_
Morning Radio podcast.
• How Forensic Accounting Uncovers the Secrets Behind Fraud
• Internal Audit Risk Assessment Checklist
• Forensic Audit vs. Financial Audit: What's the Difference?
Learn More
See what more we can bring to organizations just like yours.
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2,893 bills per month x 36 months = 104,148 transactions
104,148
total transaction population
104,148 total
104,148 total
20
transactions per hour (3 minutes each)
15 (4 minutes)
12 (5 minutes)
5,207
hours
6,943 hours
8,679 hours
** $ 125.00
estimated hourly rate
$ 125.00
$ 125.00
$ 650,925 $ 867,900 $ 1,084,875
This is only an estimate of cost/time to review samples. This does not account for planning, interviews,
report writing, and other miscellaneous time that I would assume to increase the fee by another 25-50%.
** This is a rough average of estimated hourly rates. Our firm's rates are $110 per hour for staff accountants,
$120-125 for in -charge accountants, and $130-150 for senior accountants.
W