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HomeMy WebLinkAbout01282022 Historic Preservation Work Session Packet - Design GuidelinesHistoric Preservation Commission Work Session Packet Topic: Design Guidelines Friday, January 28, 2022 City Council Chambers Immediately following the adjournment of the special meeting All public is invited to attend. Brenda Ballou From: Brenda Ballou Sent: Wednesday, December 15, 2021 2:08 PM To: bballou@cityofseward.net ('bballou@cityofseward.net') ('bballou@cityofseward.net') Subject: Historic Guidelines Attachments: Downtown Historic Overlay - DRAFT Guidelines - Oct 2021 - Updated to include MAB.pptx TO: HP Commission To recap from the Dec 9 meeting, attached is the latest version of the Design Guidelines (from the October work session), and here are the review assignments: Seese Chapters 7, 9, 10 Ward Intro & Chapters 1, 6 Benoit Chapter 4 & new content for ColorE-- v%" r-AvoLcd u4 1 2 i W-5 Walker Chapters 2, 5 I_eMaster Chapters 3, 8 t-- im-Iec -,d. � (�, o�� 2.1 W5 Any updates/changes/suggestions that you can provide me by end of day Jan 13 will be included in the Jan 20 work session packet. (hard copy, notes, electronic, whatever works best for you). Thanks? Brenda BRENDA J. BALLOU, MMC (SHE/HER) CITY CLERK PRESIDENT, ALASKA ASSOCIATION OF MUNICIPAL CLERKS PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICER NOTARY PUBLIC PHONE (907) 224-10,15 CITY OF SEWARD CITY OF SEWARD DOWNTOWN HISTORIC DISTRICT DESIGN STANDARDS & GUIDELINES An Addendum to 2017 Historic Preservation Plan For Implementing and Moving Forward loom r -- -. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT PLACEHOLDER CREDITS Past & Present Historic Preservation Commissioners Cheryl Seese, Chair Sue Ward, Vice Chair Tanguy Libbrecht Mary Ann Benoit Jim Pemberton Dona Walker Art LeMaster Wolfgang Kurtz Fred Woelkers Sherry Furlong Iris Darling Planning & Zoning Commission list current members, if desired Historic Preservation Downtown Historic District Overlay Committee Sue Ward Tanguy Libbrecht Mary Ann Benoit Iris Darling Former Historic Preservation Commissioners & Citizen Contributors Linda Lasota Other Contributors & Resources Resurrection Bay Historical Society Seward Community Library Foundation January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT PLACEHOLDER Table of Contents January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT INTRODUCTION Seward has a vibrant history that spans several generations and is reflected in the many historic structures that survived throughout the community. The Downtown Historic District, in the heart of Seward, has a diverse range of older buildings that provides visual interest to residents and visitors and stands as a symbol of the community's role in the development of South Central Alaska. This includes the first bank in the state, located in Brown & Hawkins, and the Cable House, which significantly improved communications to the lower 48 states. Seward is also Mile 0 of the Iditarod Trail. The importance of the downtown historic area is recognized by the Secretary of the Interior, with several buildings being listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The City of Seward has bestowed a local historic district designation on this part of downtown, w hich is important to the community, the state, and the nation, and is enjoyed by residents and visitors throughoutthe year. Preserving the integrity of the Downtown Historic District is a high priority for the community because it saves a key part of Seward's heritage, enhances quality of life, and supports economic development. This document presents Design Guidelines for the City of Seward Downtown Historic District as a means of protecting historic resources and promoting compatible new construction within their context. These guidelines offer criteria for determining the appropriateness of improvements. I "ibld!Nlik'!lIIIIII+`I! IIhiR1f?"16illl�illllliplllii�A,�;h„�I�"' West View of 4th Avenue in June 1923 k�--BR41NN';HAVI/Kll'JSJ - -- 71 r -ah, li' r , a.. .., �. :'_.�.',........._-- �.e.. "�. n5ub. kLr.i.r. r+wwrtkw+�.m.-�x. ..... .w _:f,`"• ., July 2019 A view looking west along Fourth Avenue, as it appeared over a 115-year period, illustrates a moderate pace of change. Many early buildings survive, and others from the mid -Twentieth Century have also taken on historic significance. These "newer" buildings reflect their own times, in terms of style, but are compatible with their older neighbors because they share basic similarities of design at a more fundamental level. These features are addressed in the design guidelines for new construction that appear in this document. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT What are Design Guidelines? Some of the guidelines are written specifically for improving historic Structures; others apply to non-contributing, existing buildings; and, still others apply to completely new "infill" construction. Why have Design Guidelines? Design Guidelines help establish a common understanding of preservation principles and standards. Retaining the historic character that exists downtown is an important goal for Seward. The historic resources of Seward could be vulnerable to inappropriate alteration and demolition. These resources are key parts of the community's identity and livability, and through heritage tourism, its economy, as well. Who uses Design Guidelines? These Design Guidelines have been written primarily for use by the citizens of Seward and are recommended by the Historic Preservation Commission. These guidelines are also intended for use by property owners in making decisions about proposed rehabilitation and new construction projects that will be sensitive to the historic character of the district and individual landmarks. Saint Peter's Episcopal Church Jesse Lee Home While they are focused on the designated Downtown Historic District, the Design Guidelines may be applied to key historic structures outside of the district designated by the city, such as the Jesse Lee Home. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT When to use the Design Guidelines The Design Guidelines should be consulted for all projects which may affect the integrity of historic resources. While ordinary repair and maintenance is appropriate, seemingly minor alterations to a historic structure, such as enclosing a storefront or changing windows, can have a dramatic effect on the character of a historic structure. The following is a list of common changes that can have a significant impact on the integrity of a historic structure : • Construction of a new addition • Alteration or restoration of exterior features of a historic building • Removal or demolition, in whole or in part, of a historic building • Alteration of a storefront • Application of a new exterior siding material • Addition of a new window or door opening • Creation of a driveway or a parking area • Application of architectural features and other miscellaneous modifications, such as cornices and bulkheads This list is not all inclusive, but indicative of the types of changes to which these Design Guidelines apply. For questions regarding permits and the applicability of these guidelines, please contact the City of Seward's Building Department. (to be developed). Where do Design Guidelines apply? The Design Guidelines apply to properties within the Downtown Historic District, as shown on the enclosed map. These guidelines may also be applicable to individual historic properties nominated by the owner or the City of Seward, even though they are outside of the designated historic district. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Compliance with Design Guidelines Development within the Downtown Historic District shall comply with all of the relevant guidelines. In some cases, there may be a conflict among the relevant guidelines. This shall be determined (a review process to be developed) so as not to restrict development or add an unnecessary burden to the property owners. Relation to Land Use Code These Downtown Historic District Design Standards and Guidelines comprise regulations adopted pursuantto Seward's existing zoning and buildingcodes. Do Design Guidelines dictate taste? The guidelines reflect basic approaches to design that will help preserve the historic integrity of the district. They do not dictate style, but they do require compatibility with the historic character of the district. They also reflect the values of the community, including its goals to preserve the historic buildings and character of Downtown Seward. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Seward's Downtown Historic District The boundary of the Downtown Seward Historic District includes a concentration of "contributing" structures near the intersection of Front and Franklin Streets, and then extends south along Franklin Street itself for several more blocks. *Depth of area subject to the designated height limit. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT PLANNING A PRESERVATION PROJECT When planning a preservation project, it is important to assemble sufficient information about the property to determine its significance and the degree to which it retains its integrity as a historic resource. Then, a specific approach to the overall treatment of the property should be established. This may include keeping the building in its current character, while making appropriate repairs, or also incorporating new, compatible changes. It is then important to determine how surviving historic features will be treated. This may include preserving those features that remain intact, repairing those that are deteriorated and replacing others. These steps in planning a preservation project are presented in this section. W1! VAN GILDER Von Gilder Hotel, 2020 January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Step 1: Conduct Historic Research Understanding the history of a building is important to any preservation project. An early question is: does the building date from the period of significance for the district? The method of construction, the historic uses and other unique features will influence which preservation approach is most appropriate. Useful materials to investigate a building's history include Sanborn Maps, historic photos, and written histories of Seward. Good starting places to obtain historic building information are the Community Development Department, Resurrection Bay Historic Society, State Historical Library, and the Historic Preservation Commission for the City of Seward. Step 2: Determine Historic Integrity Buildings with integrity have a sufficient percentage of structure exhibiting characteristics from the period of significance, which is identified in a Survey of Historic Resources by the Seward Historic Preservation Commission in the Seward Downtown Historic District. The majority of a building's structural system and its materials should date from that time and its key character -defining features also should remain including the overall mass and form of the building. These key elements allow a building to be recognized as a product of its time. A building with a high degree of historic integrity qualifies as a "contributing" property to the district. Others have lost their integrity and are termed "non- contributing". See National Park Service (NPS) Preservation Brief 17: Architectural Character: Identifying the Visual Aspects of Historic Buildings as an Aid to Preserving Their Character, for further information. The Cable House, early2011 century The Cable House, 2019 A building has historic integrity when it maintains its original character -defining features, structural system, and building materials. A comparison of historic (early 201 century) and contemporary (2019) photographs demonstrates that this building retains a high degree of integrity. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Definition of a Contributing Property Contributing properties form the foundation of historic districts and are either individually eligible for the National Register or clearly contribute to the district's historic character. These are buildings that are in comparatively original condition; some have minor alterations and others have been appropriately restored. These buildings might still be improved by some further restoration efforts. Information on buildings that are identified as "Contributing" by Seward is available to the public. Often, a property may also be considered contributing if it has one or more of the following attributes: • Has character, interest or value as part of the local, regional, state or national history, heritage, or culture; • Is the site of a significant historic event; • Is identified with a person or persons who significantly contributed to the local, regional, state, or national culture and history; • Exemplifies the cultural, economic, social or historic heritage of the community; • Represents a distinctive architectural era; • Embodies the distinguishing characteristics of an architectural type or specimen • Includes the work of an architect, engineer, or master builder whose individual work has influenced the development of the community; • Embodies elements of architectural or engineering design, detail, materials, or craftsmanship which represent a significant architectural innovation or which is unique. The guidelines for rehabilitation shall apply to all contributing properties. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Non -Contributing Property There are other buildings that exist within the boundaries of the historic district that do not contribute to its significance. Some of these are ones that have an early construction date, but have been so substantially altered that they no longer convey the historic character, and the later alterations have no significance in themselves. Other properties are more recent and, therefore, have not taken on historic significance. Many are still "compatible" with the character of the district, but are not "contributors" in terms of the history of the area. Therefore, there are two types of "non-contributing" properties: (1) Older structures that have lost their integrity, and (2) new buildings that are not within the period of significance for the district. When reviewing improvements to non-contributing properties, preservation approaches are not required. What is important is that any alterations be compatible with the character of the district, just as any new, infill construction should be. Therefore, the guidelines for new construction shall apply to all non-contributing properties. The Seward Community Library Museum (top) and the Petro Plaza (bottom) were constructed later than the historic period of significance and are considered "non- contributing" properties. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Differing Degrees of Integrity Roof Cornice with brackets Double -hung windows Clerestory Windows Display Windows Recessed Entry Original Intact— High Degree of Integrity _,,,—Simplified Brackets Replaced Windows Enclosed Space ___ 11 Kickplate Decoration Moderate Alterations— Retains Sufficient I ntegrity Altered Roof Form _ Altered Window Openings L New Siding Clerestory Windows Removed d-=-- --- - Flush Entry Non -Contributing— Integrity is Lost This property retains a high degree of integrity, • most of the original features and materials survive. It would be rated "Contributing." In this case, the building has lostsome of its original features and materials, and integrity has been compromised. Nonetheless, these losses are retrievable and, therefore, the building retains its historic integrity. This building has lost nearly all of the structure's historic fabric. It is no longer possible to adequately interpret its historic character and, therefore, has lost its historic integrity. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Step 3: Identify Key Features If the property is determined to be a contributor to the district, then it is important to identify which features are significant. This will help determine to what degree the property should be preserved as it is, or where there may be opportunities for compatible alterations to occur. St. Peter's Episcopal Church, 2020 Step 4: Choose an Approach for Improvement Preservation projects may include a range of activities, such as maintenance of existing historic elements, repairs of deteriorated materials, the replacement of missing features, and construction of new additions. The following is a list of approaches that are appropriate for contributing properties: • Preservation. "Preservation" is the act or process of applying measures to sustain the existing form, integrity, and material of a building. Some work focuses on keeping a property in good working condition by repairing features as soon as deterioration becomes apparent, using procedures that retain the original character and finish of the features. Property owners are strongly encouraged to maintain properties in good condition. • Rehabilitation. "Rehabilitation" is the process of returning a property to a state that makes a contemporary use possible while still preserving those portions or features of the property which are significant to its historical, architectural, and cultural values. Rehabilitation may include a change in use of the building or additions. • Restoration. "Restoration" reproduces the appearance of a building exactly as it looked at a particular moment in time. This process may include the removal of later work or the replacement of missing historic features. • Reconstruction. "Reconstruction" of a building means rebuilding a structure, or a portion of one, that no longer exists exactly as it appeared historically. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Step 5: Choosing a Treatment for Building Components Selecting an appropriate treatment for specific building components of contributing properties will provide for proper preservation of significant features. The treatment options are presented in order of preference. In making a selection, follow this sequence: 1. Preserve: If a feature is intact and in good condition, maintain it as such. 2. Repair: If the feature is deteriorated or damaged, repair it to its original condition. 3. Replace: If it is not feasible to repair the feature, then replace it with one that is the same, or similar, in character to the original one (e.g., materials, detail, finish). Replace only that portion which is beyond repair. 4. Reconstruct: If the feature is missing entirely, reconstruct it from appropriate evidence. 5. New feature or addition: If a new feature or addition is necessary, design it in such a way as to minimize the impact on original features. It is also important to distinguish new features from original historic elements. The Alaska Shop and an addition. This contemporary addition to a historic building is appropriate. The addition is set back for the street facade, minimizing the impact on the existing structure. The materials on the addition are also distinguishable from the historic fabric and clearly read as a product of its time. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Alterations Many historic structures have experienced alterations as tastes changed or the need for additional space occurred. Early alterations typically were subordinate in scale and character to the main building and were often executed using materials similar to those used historically. Some early alterations may have historic value of their own. Recent alterations usually have no historic value. Alterations are anticipated to continue. It is important that new alterations be designed in a manner compatible with the historic character of the building and implemented without damaging the historic fabric. L r' Sew rd's Matn.Street,July 15, 1920. nek(Uiukx RC.11— ) Fourth Avenue in the mid-1920s (left) and in 2019 (right). �-" January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Criteria for Replacing Historic Features If a historic structure has been altered, what is the appropriate approach for its treatment? When a historically significant building has an important, character -defining feature that is deteriorated, altered, or missing, it is clear that the feature should be repaired or, if repair is impossible, it should be replaced with materials that are similar to that which existed historically to maintain the integrity of the building. Sometimes, under certain circumstances, replacing the missing feature or alteration with contemporary, but compatible, new features might be appropriate. Thus, there are two treatments which could be appropriate for repairing or replacing missing or altered features: • Option A: Reconstruct the historic design. This is the preferred treatment. • Option B: Replace the missing or altered feature with a contemporary but compatible new feature. If original is missing, two options may be considered (see below) The original details may be recon- structed, if good evidence is available. This is the preferred treatment. A simplified version of the original may be considered. Be sure to use the major lines of the original detail. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Review Process The review authority must determine which option (A or B) is appropriate when evaluating proposals for the replacement of deteriorated, non -historic alterations or missing historic features on historic buildings in Seward. There are three main criteria that will be considered when handling these types of situations: First, what is the significance of the building? If the building has a high level of significance, then reconstruction is preferred. If the building is contributing to the historic sense of the street but is not landmark quality, then more flexibility maybe allowed. Either replacing the feature using Option A and B can be considered. Second, to what degree has the building retained its historic integrity and how important is the missing or altered feature to conveying the historic character of the building? If the building has retained a high degree of its historic integrity and the missing feature is important to the building's character, then it should be reconstructed. If the building has been substantially altered, then both Options A and B described can be considered. • Third, what is the quality of information about the historic features of the building? This criteria addresses the practical issue of whether or not the historic features literally can be replaced or replicated. There may not be sufficient information available about the historic feature to be confident that it can be replaced accurately. For more information about the Review Process, contact the City of Seward Community Development and Building Departments, and also the Historic Preservation Commission. Downtown Seward, AK, 2020 January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT How the Guidelines Apply The chart below illustrates how individual chapters of the guidelines apply to specific property types and construction projects. See the appendix for an explanation of the terms used in the "type of work" column. To determine if a property is designated as "Contributing," contact the City's Community Development Department and the Historic Preservation Commission. r f t C tr _ L IM el V Li , Y M L iJ •M r-I 4 CM L N. ••� f r, i5 5Ta C ',, 0i " •� .'C d1 4!J ZW ij}L�} +� �' r tW Zi dl t.Y 1 Q 1 j C � U rL< CL � .V � rL @ 13 as L n i i r �• ',, Tvoeafworix: ti,� _ _ Q Q- I., t Q n L 0 L ] L Q L Q •�. on a `cuntrihu` •i,: prupL-rty' in thL- Duwntuw•r I I isturic District.. Work on a `nan-contriaulirp` property m the Dawn tl w •i IIi}tDriL District. Work on a 'new ca nstruc` :: •i pruject" in the DLmnt.awarn I I hAuric Diftrict. Work Dn a "landmark property' not within the I I b Wric Dirrtrict Bound arks January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Seward'sMain.Streetjuly 15, 1920. AHL(Aluka nkco111"I'll) Figure 12. Fourth Avenue in the mid 1920s. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Structure of the Design Guidelines Each design guide line presented includes several components that constitute the criteria upon which design review decisions will be made. Design Element Topic The guidelines are grouped into pertinent design element categories (e.g., site planning, building materials, store fronts). Policy Statement Each design element category has a policy statement that explains the City of Seward's basic approach to the treatment of that topic. In cases where the detailed Design Guidelines do not appear to address a situation, the general policy statement shall serve as the basis for determining appropriateness. Design Guidelines Specific Design Guidelines are numbered in orderto reference them during the design review process. The guidelines are not numbered in order of importance. Additional Information Supplementary information is listed as bullet (•) statements. Illustrations Design Guidelines may be accompanied by a photograph and/or illustration that supports the guideline language. Design Element > Windows and Doors Topic Original windows and doors are important features that help convey the character of a building. Original elements Policy Statements shall be preserved, when feasible. Design Guideline 3.11 Maintain historic storefront openings. The size and shape of the storefront are important Bullets Provide > characteristics that contribute to the integrity of a Additional historic commercial building. Avoid altering the Information shapes of these features. If these elements have already been altered, consider restoring them if their original condition can be determined. Illustration Sample guideline format. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Chapter 1 January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION This chapter addresses the role of preservation in Seward, including a discussion of general principles and benefits of preservation. This, then forms the base for preservation policies in the community. OrlanderBuilding Figure 15. OrlanderBuilding (2020) January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT BENEFITS OF PRESERVING HISTORIC BUILDINGS Construction Quality Many of the buildings in Downtown Seward were constructed with care. These buildings were thoughtfully detailed with high quality finishes — features that owners today appreciate. The high quality of construction in historic structures is, therefore, a "value" for both the building owner and the community. Livability and Quality of Life A physical sense of identity can reinforce desirable community social patterns and contribute to a sense of security. When groups of commercial buildings complement each other in their historic context, they create a street scene that is "pedestrian friendly," which encourages walking and neighborly interaction. Decorative architectural features and distinct architectural styles also contribute to a sense of identity, an attribute that is rare and difficult to achieve in newer areas of the city. Tourists are noting that Seward is one of the last truly Alaska towns. Economic Incentives Figure 15. Fourth Avenue (2020) These programs include the National Trust Loans Fund (NTLF), National Trust Community Investment Corporation, and the National Preservation Endowment. The NTLF consists of the Inner -City Ventures Fund (ICVF) and the National Preservation Loan Fund (NPLF). The NPLF provides funding to a spectrum of projects including the rehabilitation of historic buildings and sites. The National Community Investment Corporation makes equity investments in real estate projects that qualify for federal historic tax credits and when available state historic tax credits and New Market Tax Credits. The National Preservation Endowment provides funds to nonprofit organizations and public agencies. The funds offered can be utilized for preservation planning and educational efforts as well as intervention funds for emergency preservation projects. Please contact the NTHP for specific information regardingthese and other preservation funding opportunities. There is also a Federal Rehabilitation Tax Credit; the program is managed by the National Parks Service and Internal Revenue Service in partnership with State Historic Preservation Offices. The federal government makes available a 20% income tax credit for certified rehabilitation projects that are National Historic Landmarks listed on the National Register, and that contribute to the National Register Historic District and certain local historic districts. These are only available to income - producing properties. Contact the City of Seward Historic preservation planner to discuss possible funding options. In some cases, owners also may donate a facade easement and take a charitable gift donation. The City of Seward may offer some incentives for restoration of these properties. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Economic Benefits to the Community Historic structures are irreplaceable. They bestow an identity and provide a tangible history of a place. These qualities make them highly desirable to both members of the community and property owners. Maintaining the historic character of the district encourages heritage tourism which is an important part of the local economy. Studies show that each dollar spent on a rehabilitation project continues to circulate in the local economy five to seven times, which helps support other businesses. Rehabilitation projects also contribute more to the local economy than do new building programs because each dollar spent on a preservation project has a higher percentage devoted to local labor. By contrast, new construction typically has a higher percentage of each dollar spent devoted to materials that are produced outside of the local economy. Therefore, when money is spent on rehabilitating a building, it has a higher "multiplier effect;' keeping more money in the local economy. Responsibility of Ownership The first step in planning a preservation project is to identify and maintain significantfeatures and materials. Ownership of a historic property carries a responsibility to respect the historic character of the property and its setting. Ultimately, residents and property owners should recognize that historic preservation is a long-range community objective, that promotes economic well-being and overall viability of the community at large. 4� !!M Figure 16. Downtown Seward 2020. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR NON-CONTRIBUTING AND NEW CONSTRUCTION Figure 18. The firststep in planning a preservation project is to identify and maintain significant features and materials. Inset doors are significant features. i 7" Figure 19. Brown and Hawkins on Fourth Avenue in Seward in the 19xxs when a brick facade was added. This was later removed and restored. There are structures in the historic district that are non- contributing and other sites where new infill construction will occur. For these situations, the focus of design should be on being compatible with the historic context, and not on the principles for treatment of a historic property that are outlined earlier in this section. More flexibility is afforded to these sites, in terms of the details of design, when they respect the overall relationships of building mass, form, materials, scale and setting. The historic district remains a vital place that is mostly built, but there are still opportunities for new development within its boundaries. Designing a building to fit within the historic district requires careful thought. It is important to realize that while a historic district conveys a certain sense of time and place associated with its history, it is also dynamic The following principles apply: Respect the design characterof the nearby historic properties. Don't try to make a new building look older than it is. The copying or exact replication of architectural styles or specific historic buildings is discouraged. Often, a contemporary interpretation of those architectural styles seen historically will work best. Maintain the setbacks and alignments of buildings in the surrounding context. Relate to the scale of nearby historic buildings. A new building shall relate at the street level to the general size , shape and proportions of historic buildings. Rather than imitating older buildings, a new design shall relate to the traditional design characteristics of the area while also reflecting the architecture of its time. New construction may do so by drawing upon some basic building features —such as the way in which a building is located on its site, the manner in which it relates to the street, and its basic mass, form and materials —rather than applying detailing which may or may not have been historically appropriate. Therefore, it is possible to be compatible with the historic context while also producing a design that is distinguishable as being newer. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Period of Significance In most cases, a property is significant because it represents or is associated with a particular period in its history. Frequently, this begins with the construction of the building and continues through the peak of its early occupation. Building fabric and features that date from the period of significance typically contribute to the character of the structure. The Downtown Seward Historic District has a period of significance which spans 50 years (1903- 1953). Throughout this period of significance, the district has been witness to a number of buildings and additions which have become an integral part of the area. Conversely, several structures have been built or alterations have been made after this period which are generally considered non - historic and may be considered for removal or replacement. Early alterations, additions or new construction (more than 50 years old) may have become historically significant and thus merit preservation: • Many additions or alterations to buildings and districts that have taken place in the course of time are themselves evidence of the history of the building and its neighborhood and therefore may merit preservation. More recent alterations, additions or new construction that are not historically significant may be removed: For example, asphalt, aluminum, vinyl or other synthetic siding may presently obscure the original siding. In this case, removal of this alteration and restoration of the original material is appropriate and strongly encouraged. Most alterations less than fifty years old lack historic significance. Figure 19. Brown and Hawkins with red brick facade that was added in the 19xxs when it was fashionable and then later removed to reflect the original historic character. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Chapter 2 January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT HISTORY AND CHARACTER OF SEWARDIS DOWNTOWN HISTORIC DISTRICT With the discovery of gold in 1898 in Nome and the railroad enthusiasts to begin a "Gateway to Alaska's interior", permanent commercial establishments, including groceries, housing, mercantile stores and other structures began building up rapidly the new town of Seward, Alaska and it first settlers. Please refer to the Number 11 Appendices of the 2017 Seward Historic Preservation Plan which list all the national and state historic properties at this as it has now been updated. Basic information can be found in Appendix B through F. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Building Types and Styles Many of Seward's downtown buildings are excellent representations of early twentieth century commercial architecture as it evolved in the territoryof Alaska. Early 20th Century Commercial, Art Deco and Art Moderne architectural styles are found here. Some other historic buildings do not fall into any specific architectural style, but they tend to have similar characteristics which help to define the downtown's unique historic character. These characteristics include wooden storefront windows on the first floor, double hung windows on the upper stories, flat roofs and canopies over the street fronts. l��r'X.F.QL �— Cornice Vertically oriented windows I Belt course I Transom Canopy Storefrort display windows ' Recessec. ertr,, Kickpiate Traditional commercial storefronts in Downtown Seward include many of these features. These are consistentfeatures among many styles in downtown. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Characteristics • Variety in color and texture - Texture and color is used to give the building a human scale and accentuate vertical and horizontal lines. • Stucco and tile combined - Colored brick or tile was used as a decorative element to accent the stucco siding. • Projecting sunshades —Canopies and awnings were common additions to street level fronts. • Rounded corner windows • Zigzag or chevron moldings -Zigzag, chevron and diamond patterns were often used to decorate the cornice. • Molded metal panels or grills • Stylized floral patterns • Repetitive geometric forms • Carrara glass Buildings built between 1921 and 1939 in the Art Deco style often have smooth surfaces, stylized motifs decorating the facade and vertical projections about the roof line. An example is the Alaska Electric Light, and Power Building (1936) in Juneau. he Alaska Electric Light and Power Building C'nange to Seward details A decorative panel serves as a cap to a vertical attached column, or pilaster, a typical Art Deco detail. Geometric shapes enrich cornices and other facade components in the Art Deco style. January 21, 2022 HP WS nonrr This example of an Art Deco storefront has proportions which are typical to the style. The kickplates make up roughly 15% of the storefront's height, where 10-15% is typical for this style. 55% of the overall storefront height is the storefront windows, typically a range of 50-70% is seen. The transom windows make up the top 30% of this building's storefront, typical transom range from 15- 30%. With two larger bays surrounding a recessed entry the horizontal proportions of this building are also representative of this style. The width of horizontal bays varies more than vertical proportions as they are more dependent on the overall building width. Typical proportions for recessed entries range from 20- 30% and for each storefront bay vary between 30 and 40% of the overall bay width. 35% 30% 31 Art Deco storefront proportions. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Chapter 3 Redlined edits in this chapter furnished by Commissioner LeMaster January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR REHABILITATION OF HISTORIC PROPERTIES This chapter Chapter3 presentsd2SigR guidelines for rehabilitating ##_- +r +,- elpt f historic properties in Seward's Downtown Historic District. The guidelines are based on a "three level" approach: • Level #1 the imp-4 level is to preserve existing historic features, • Level #2 the ReXt lev is to repair deteriorating features, and • Level #3 +he ;f f.,@WFeS e h.,.,9Rd Fep@mr-, +H^ fiA@1 level is to replace those features in kind, if features are beyond repair. This three -step sequence of treatments reflects the principles outlined in Chapter 1, OR ter where the least intervention f^r hm,+^rle ^Y,,peReRt is preferred. These basic guidelines f^r r^h-,h;l;+-,+;^n apply to the property as a whole, as well as to individual building components. PHr+heF gHid-,n,.^ Ah^„+ bull dir,.,.,1.,Y,-,eRts i PF9.dP d OR - -ham .. He + h .,+ rS Wmot ompliance with all of the guidelines is expected, but there may be circumstances whiehr where a l9@l@RGiRg e#the spe eific guide lines and their r+^r+ State., eRtS W II ^ Arrl^r balanced approach is needed to achieve the most appropriate preservation solution. Preserve Historic properties in the Downtown Historic District should be maintained to prevent the need for more extensive repairs or replacement of building features in the future. • Regular maintenance to a historic building and its features will minimize the need to replace historic materials. • Maintain photographic documentation of the property for use in future preservation efforts. • Deferred maintenance may result in "demolition by neglect." Historic materials, architectural details and window and door openings contribute to the character of A structure and are referred to as character defining features. They are often closely associated with specific architectural styles. These features shall be preserved when feasible; their continued maintenance is the best preservation method. Preserve significant stylistic and architectural features. St. Peter's Episcopal Church. 239 Second Ave., Seward AK 304 Second Ave, Seward AK • Canopies, storefront windows, cornices and decorative concrete castings are examples of architectural features that should not be removed or altered. The -best PFeSeFV@ti9R PF9Ged61Fe-is to FA@i Tt-aiR nF-tBFie fe-aW,rts#;v,A the @S FUSt FeRq9V@IIEa,,I�,limitedP@iRt FeM9V@l r d Fe@PPliG@ti9R These ;hA, ld RAt h-,r +hp hm,#Arm-,+.,r0-,1 Do not remove or alter architectural details that are in good condition or that can be repaired. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT 4-4 Avoid adding elements or details that were not part of the original building. For example, details such as decorative millwork from a Late Victorian style should not be added to an Art Deco building. 34 Protect architectural details from moisture accumulation that may cause damage. Regularly check details that have surfaces which can hold moisture for long periods of time. This is especially important along cornices and parapets. 43 Maintain original siding materials. • Using any material, either synthetic or conventional, to cover historic material is inappropriate. geong se vie ld- nhme- -r^ This obscures the original character and changes the dimensions of walls, whi h are particularly i;etieeahle around door and window openings. The extra layer also could hide or cause further decay. • If a property already has a non -historic building material covering the original, it is inappropriate to add another layer of new material, which would further obscure the original. Removing the covering is recommended. -3-4 Preserve original materials that show signs of wear rather than replace them when feasible. All materials weather over time and a scarred finish does net represent an inferier material, but simply reflects the history and age of the building and Sheuld be ^rCeepted as I is a part of the characteref-a ho#Apor— re-sebiFee. Repair 'A Snm^ Some original architectural details may be deteriorated. Horizontal surfaces and windowsills are likely to show the most deterioration because they are more exposed to weather. When disassembly of a historic feature is required in a restoration procedure, document its location so that it may be repositioned accurately. When deterioration occurs, repair the ^+nri^' and any ether Felated pFehl„mc is preferred. Replacing a feature is inappropriate when it can be repaired ink. -3-5 Repair deteFieFate d pFirnaFy building mateFial by patching, piecing -in, consolidating or otherwise reinforcing the material. • Repair only those features that are deteriorated, and avoid the r coeval of removing damaged materials that can be repaired. • Isolated areas of damage may be stabilized or fixed. €pexies _a Rd Foci.- maybe repair a-d speGi^I • Patch, piece -in, splice, consolidate or otherwise upgrade existing materials using recognized preservation methods. • Protect features adjacent to the area being worked on. • Employ treatments such as rust removal, caulking, lowited paint r al and r plicatien of and paint or stain. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Figure 28.411 Third Ave, Seward Figure 27. In -kind replacement, as seen on the roof shingles above, is an option (Juneau). Carefully plan repainting and always prepare a good substrate. Remove damaged or deteriorated paint only to the next intact layer, using the gentlest means possible, PF09F t9 Use compatible paints. Some latex paints will not bond well to earlier oil -based paints without a primer coat. -34 When dosassembl ^f disassembling a historic element +s wry for 4s-- restoration, use methods that minimize damage to the original materials. k' Tep sasse "ef a "„°Ater; eat r�1S FeqUiFed dUFORg Fests.rat+eR Document its location so it may be repositioned accurately Always deem- th.,.d_ 4 r r,'@GmRg rdir-,rr^n,hl.,.d .).tads in th�eFF original configuration. -34 Use technical procedures for cleaning, repair, and refinishing @Rd r^ R architectural details that will maintain the original finish. • When choosing preservation treatments, use the gentlest means possible that will achieve the desired results. • Perform a test patch to determine that the cleaning method will cause no damage to the FA@ter0@I S;--- rf^P_^ Many procedures can actually have @R Rtieipate d accelerate4 deterioration or loss of character. • Harsh cleaning methods, such as sandblasting, can damage the historic materials, changing their appearance. If P_11e@RiRg1's@PPFE3pFiate, a I9W ffeSSHFe wate�r;A';;';h ,+eh0 s for-4 reviewed @Rd r gatiye effeets - At fA, Ad January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Replace While restoration of an original f^.,t„rn is the preferred alternative, in- kind replacement is an option when repair is not feasible. When the original material must be replaced, using the same material as the original is preferred, but an alternative material may be considered when it conveys characteristics similar to the original. 4-5 Replace only the amount needed. For example, if a few boards of lap siding are beyond repair, then only they should be replaced, not the entire wall. Replacement apiece W Where replacement of an element is required, remove only those portions that are deteriorated beyond repair. Consider removing later covering materials that have not achieved historic significance. -34 Replacement of missing or deteriorated architectural elements should be accurate. The design should be substantiated by physical or pictorial evidence to avoid creating a misrepresentation of the building's history. Use the same kind of material as the original when feasible. A substitute material may be appropriate if the size, scale, shape, texture, color and finish (composition) conveys the visual appearance of the original. For example, if the original material is wood clapboard, then the replacement material should be wood as well, matching the original in size, the amount of exposed lap and 4�finish. Primary building materials, such as wood siding and concrete, shall not be replaced with synthetic materials. Art: I disagree; let the group discuss. '3. 2 When t9f -;;pr elementdev n I�Q new design +h-a+ is @ Simplified of i+. This i5; .,nnrnnriate ,.,hl,n in .,,-nguatn there is not enough information nvi-+5; +n ^Ilnwfor an accurate reconstruction, it is appropriate to develop a new design that is The new element shall be similar +neempai:able fn.,+„res in general size, shape, texture, material and finish. -3-3 Remove later covering materials that have not achieved historic significance. • If original materials are presently covered, consider exposing them. For example, asphalt siding that covers original wood siding should be removed. • Once the non -historic siding is removed, repair the original, underlying material. In some cases removing a second finish may cue damage to the original and may net be desirable. Test the finish to assure that the original material „AderAeath will not be permanently damaged. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT VMMWIMI - ::....:.....:_::...moo..... �e._e__.�: i._o....::.o.:...,.._.� 51�11►�ITai1.+R7T_e....:.,_o.::: _•...1T7S1 January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Chapter 4 Redlined edits in this chapter furnished by Commissioner Benoit January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR HISTORIC BUILDING MATERIALS Building materials strongly reflect the character and age of a building. The;, preservation and maintenance of original building materials on a historic property is important. The following preservation guidelines apply to specific materials on historic properties. See NPS Preservation Brief 16: The Use of Suitable Materials on Historic Building Exteriors, for further information. r Wood Siding • Avoid removing siding that is in good condition or that can be repaired in place. • Remove only the siding that is deteriorated beyond repair. • If portions of the wood siding must be replaced, be sure to match the style and lap dimensions of the original. • 4-4 Protect wood features from deterioration. • Provide proper drainage and ventilation to minimize decay. • Maintain protective coatings to decrease damage from moisture. • If the building was painted historically, it shall remain painted, including all trim. . 4.3 Repair wood features by patching, piecing -in, consolidating or otherwise reinforcing the wood. • Avoid the removal of damaged wood that can be repaired. Figure 29. 318 SecondAve, Sewardis a good example of a contributing structure that looks close to the original. Modern materials were used to mimic the historic look while protecting the historic structure. �I Appropriate types of wood lap siding. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT �--4.4 Use approved technical procedures to preserve, clean, or repair historic materials and finishes. Abrasive methods, such as sandblasting, are inappropriate. A firm experienced in the cleaning of historic buildings should be hired to advise on the best, lowest impact method of cleaning. =--4.5-Original wood building materials should not be covered. • If a property already has a non -historic building material covering the original, it is in appropriate to add another layer of new material, which would further obscure the original. These materials shall be removed where feasible and when it will not cause damage to the historic material underneath. Paint Buildings that were clad with lap siding were usually painted to protect the wood. Several concrete structures have been painted as well. When performing regular painting maintenance, applying traditional color schemes is appropriate. The following guidelines apply to paint on historic buildings. . 4-6 Always prepare a good substrate for painting. • Prior to painting, remove damaged or deteriorated paint only to the next intact layer, using the gentlest method possible. . 4.7 Use compatible paints and only remove underlying paint layers where necessary. Some latex paints will not bond well to earlier oil -based paints without a primer coat. Note that an early paint layer may be lead -based, in which case, special procedures are required for its treatment. Repair wood features by patching or piecing -in new wood elements that match the original. One or two paint colors are generally used as accents over one background color which unifies the typical painting scheme of historic buildings in Downtown Seward. 4.9 WsiRg Use the historic color scheme is appFepFiate possible. If the historic scheme is not known, then an interpretation ^f sehe.mes ^^ from similar historic buildings or what was available locally during that time period is appropriate. • A color strategist or other expert may use a spectrometer or lab analysis to identify the original paint color from a sample and estimate a comparable modern paint color, or help select appropriate colors. A single color scheme should be use for the entire exterior so upper and lower floors and subordinate masses of a building are seen as components of a single structure. Generally, one muted color is used as a background, which unifies the composition. One or two other colors are usually used feF agent, to highlight details a4�4 trim and doors. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Concrete and Masonry Masonry refers to construction using stone, brick, concrete, tile and similar materials. Several buildings in Pewntewn Seward are constructed of wood, but have been covered by stucco. This was an early renovation by Gerhart "Stucco" Johnson and should be preserved. See NPS Preservation Brief 15: Preservation of Historic Concrete: Problems and General Approaches, for further information. 4.4 Preserve concrete and masonry features that define the overall historic character of a building. Examples aye include walls, cornices, pediments, steps, chimneys and foundations. • Avoid rebuilding a major portion of an exterior concrete wall that could be repaired. 4-3 Preserve the original mortarjoint and masonry unit size, the tooling and F'ge32.SetmSewaHo tsZn�h Ave House at bonding patterns, and the coatings and color of historic masonry. example of a building designed and • Original mortar and stucco , in good condition, shall be preserved in crafted by Gerhart "Stucco" Johnson. place or repaired. 4.4 Masonrythat was not painted historically shall not be painted. Brick masonry naturally has a water -protective layer, or patina, to protect it from the elements. Painting masonry walls can seal in moisture already in the masonry, not allowing it to breathe and causing extensive damage over time. 4-.-5 Protect concrete structures from water deterioration. Provide proper drainage s that water does not stand on flat, horizontal surfaces or accumulate in decorative features. Provide positive drainage away from concrete foundations to minimize rising moisture. 4.-6 Clean concrete and masonry with the gentlest methods possible. Test cleaning procedures in sample patches first. Low pressure water and detergent cleaning, using bristle brushes, is appropriate. 4-.-7 Abrasive cleaning methods, such as sand blasting,1•,0" Apt he allowed Is not appropriate and can damage structures by removing They way Feweve the water -protective outer layer of the material and +heFela; .,,.,.P'PRAP accelerating deterioration. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Metal accen tfea tures in Downtown Juneau. Use approved technical procedures for cleaning, refinishing and repairing historic materials. Harsh cleaning methods, such as sandblasting, can damage the historic materials and change their appearance. Metals Metals were used for a variety of applications including columns, roofing, canopies and decorative features. Historically developments closer to the waterfront used more metal. Metal applications shall be maintained where they exist using the following guidelines apply to metal featur^5; on historic properties. 4.4 Preserve architectural metal features that contribute to the overall historic character of the building. • Provide proper drainage on metal surfaces to minimize water retention. • Maintain protective coatings, such as paint, on exposed metals. 4-3 Repair metal features by patching, splicing or otherwise reinforcing the original metal whenever possible. • New metal 4,a4 should be compatible with the original. 4 4 Use the gentlest cleaning method possible when removing deteriorated paint or rust from metal surfaces. • Harsh, abrasive cleaning methodsshould be avoided. Cleaning Materials and Methods Some cleaning materials can ^'^ Im^"^ "^rFA than geedMany eleaReF sean be harsh and abrasive, Aften damaging historic buildings materials. `4heR m ntaining hilt Fie buildings, eleaning , ater;^'s ^� ^+"^ �� ,•,";�" ^+ To reduce harm to the original building materials S"^" be „sed The use the following guidelines apply to eleaning ,. ateF;^'; -;;Ad- methed-5; , ed- „.A ",-s+ r,,. 445 Use the gentlest cleaning method possible to achieve the desired result. Abrasive methods such as sandblasting are inappropriate. Most traditional cleaning methods can be harmful. A firm experienced in the cleaning of historic buildings should be hired to advise on the best, lowest impact method of cleaning. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT 4-4 Use caution when repairing or removing original building materials. Many historic finish materials may contain harmful substances such as asbestos and lead. Use appropriate methods to handle these materials. --------------- January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Chapters January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR HISTORIC BUILDING ELEMENTS Individual building elements, including windows, doors, and cornices, can strongly affect the character of a building and the preservation and maintenance of the original elements is important. The following preservation guidelines applyto specific elements on historic properties. Windows The character -defining features of a historic window and its distinct materials and placement shall be preserved. In addition, a new window shall be in character with the historic building. This is especially important on primary facades and at street level. More flexibility is appropriate on non -street front walls and rear walls. 5.1 Preserve the functional and decorative features of a historic window. • Features important to the character of a window include its frame, sash, muntins, mullions, glazing, sills, heads, jambs, moldings, operation and groupings of windows. Repair frames and sashes rather than replacing them, whenever conditions permit. 5.2 Preserve the position, number and arrangement of historic windows in a building wall. Enclosing a historic window opening in a key character -defining facade is inappropriate, as is adding a new window opening. This is especially important on primary facades where the historic ratio of solid -to -void is a character -defining feature. Greater flexibility in installing new windows may be considered on rear walls. 5.3 Preserve the size and proportion of a historic window opening. Figure 35. Ballaine House, Third Ave. Seward, AK. Protect and maintain the stylistic features and proportions of a historic window opening. Figure 36. 423 Third Ave, Seward, AK. Reducing an original opening to accommodate a smaller window or increasing it to receive a larger window is inappropriate. 5.4 Preserve the historic ratio of window openings to solid wall on a primary facade. • Significantly increasing the amount of glass on a character defining facade will negatively affect the integrity of the structure. • Some flexibility in window ratio is appropriate for upper levels. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Old Sally's Building, 2019 The appearance of window components should match those of the original in dimension, profile and finish Match, as closely as possible, the profile of the sash and its components to that of the original window. 5.1 Match a replacement window to the original in its design. • If the original is double -hung, then the replacement window shall also be double -hung, or at a minimum, appear to be so. Match the replacement also in the number and position of glass panes. • Matching the original design is particularly important on key character -defining facades. 5.2 In a replacement window, use materials that appear similar to the original. • Using the same material as the original is preferred, especially on key character -defining facades. However, a substitute material may be considered on secondary facades if the appearance of the window components will match those of the original in dimension, profile and finish. • Vinyl or aluminum clad windows may be considered on upper floors only if the original type of material is unavailable. The replacement must match the original's dimensions, detail and composition. 5.3 Match, as closely as possible, the profile of the sash and its components to that of the original window. • A historic wood window may have a complex profile. Within the window's casing, the sash steps back to the plane of the glazing (glass) in several increments. These increments, which individually only measure in eighths or quarters of inches, are important details. They distinguish the actual window from the surrounding plane of the wall. 5.4 Use a storm window to enhance energy conservation rather than replace a historic window. • Install a storm window on the interior, when feasible. This will allow the character of the original window to be seen from the public way. • If a storm window is to be installed on the exterior, match the sash design of the original windows. A metal storm window may be appropriate if the frame matches the proportions and profiles of the original window. It shall fit tightly with in the window opening without the need for sub -frames or panning around the perimeter. Match the color of the storm window sash with the color of the window frame; do not use an anodized or a milled (a silvery metallic) finish. Finally, set the sash of the storm window back from the plane of the wall surface as far as possible. Energy conservation canal so bead dressed by regular maintenance of historic windows to be sure heat loss is minimized January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Doors The character -defining features of a historic door and its distinct materials and placement shall be preserved. In addition, a new door should be in character with the historic building. This is especially important on primary facades. 5.1 Preserve the decorative and functional features of a primary entrance Maintain features important to the character of a historic doorway. These may include the door, frame, screen door, threshold, glass panes, paneling, hardware, detailing, transoms and flanking sidelights. Avoid changing the position and function of original front doors and primary entrances. 5.2 Maintain the original proportions of a significant door. • Altering its size and shape is inappropriate. 5.3 When a historic door is damaged, repair it and maintain its general historic appearance. • If it is beyond repair, replacement may be considered. 5.4 When replacing a door, use materials that appear similar to that of the original. • If the original was wood, then that is preferred for are placement. • A metal door, may be used as a replacement if it is similar in character and finish except on the front fa4ade of the building. Figure 39. Door at Brown and Hawkins on Fourth Ave, Seward. This building is on the National Register of Historic Places. Figure 40. Door at Brown and Hawkinson Fourth Ave, Seward. This building is on the National Register of Historic Places. 5.5 When replacing a door, use a design that has an appearance similar to the original door, or a door associated with the style of the building. • Installing a very ornate door is discouraged, unless photographic evidence can support its use. 5.6 If energy conservation and heat loss are a concern, consider using a storm door instead of replacing a historic entry door. Generally, wood storm doors are most appropriate. A metal storm door may be appropriate if it is simple in design and if the frame is painted so that raw metal is not visible. Energy conservation can also be addressed by regular maintenance of historic doors to be sure heat loss is not occurring. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Figure 41.. Brown and Hawkins, Fourth Ave, Seward AK. Character -defining elements of storefronts, including transoms, should be preserved, and restored. Osbo Building, Fourth Avenue Commercial Storefronts Many storefronts in Seward have components seen traditionally on commercial buildings. The repetition of these standard elements creates a visual unity at the street that shall be preserved. See NPS Preservation Brief 11: Rehabilitating Historic Storefronts, for further information. 5.1 A commercial storefront shall not be altered, obscured, or removed during a rehabilitation project, as storefronts help maintain street level interest for pedestrians by providingviews to goods and activities inside first floor windows. The following commercial storefront character -defining elements shall be preserved: • Display windows: The main portion of glass on the store front, where goods and services are displayed. • Transom: The upper portion of the display window, separated by a frame. • Kick plate: Found beneath the display window. Sometimes called bulk -head panel. • Entry: Usually set back from the sidewalk in a protected recess. • Upper story windows: Windows located above the street level. These usually have a vertical orientation. • Cornice molding: A decorative band at the top of the building. 5.2 If a storefront has been altered, restoring it to the original design is preferred. If evidence of the original design is missing, use a simplified interpretation of similar storefronts. Historic photographs of Seward and its downtown buildings are available and shall be used when determining the original character of a storefront design. If the alteration has acquired historic significance in its own right it shall be maintained rather than altered further or restored to an earlier period of significance. 5.3 Alternative designs that are interpretations of traditional storefronts may be considered where the historic facade is missing and no evidence of it exists. • Where the original is missing and no evidence of its character exists, a new design that uses the traditional elements may be considered. • However, the new design shall continue to convey the character of typical storefronts, including the transparent character of the display window. • Greater flexibility in treatment of rear facades is appropriate. However, care shall be taken to preserve storefronts on those buildings which have traditional commercial storefronts on more than one facade, such as a corner building. • The kick plate, located below the display window, adds interesting detail to the streetscape and shall be preserved. • If the original kick plate is covered with another material, consider exposing the original design. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Preserve the historic character of a storefront when it is intact. 5.1 If the original kick plate is missing, develop a sympathetic replacement design. • Wood is an appropriate material for replacements on most styles. However, ceramic tile and masonry may also be considered when appropriately used with the building style. 5.2 Retain the original shape of the transom glass in historic storefronts. • Transoms, the upper glass band of traditional storefronts, introduce light into the depths of the building. These bands shall not be removed or enclosed. • The shape of the transom is important to the proportion of the storefront, and it should be preserved in its historic configuration. • If the original glass is missing, installing new glass is preferred. However, if the transom must be blocked out, be certain to retain the original proportions. The transoms on the building above have been covered. Although they reflect the openings that were once located there, a more appropriate treatment would be to reopen transoms. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Roofs While many roofs downtown are flat and hidden, some are sloped, gable forms. Where the roof itself is a significant feature, these guidelines apply. Many workers also had metal roofs; most of the workers lived on Second Avenue, as compared to the business owners who generally lived on Third Avenue. 5.1 Preserve the character of a historic roof, including its form and materials, whenever feasible. • Avoid altering the angle of a historic roof; maintain the perceived line and orientation of the roof as seen from the street. • Retain and repair roof detailing. • Avoid removing historic roofing material that is in good condition. • Do not cover historic roof materials. 5.2 New or replacement roof materials should convey a scale and texture similar to those used traditionally. When replacement is necessary, use materials that are similar to the original in both style as well as physical qualities and use a color that is similar to that seen historically. When choosing a roof replacement material the architectural style of the structure should be considered. Flat roofs are the most common roof form in Downtown Seward. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT 5.1 Preserve the original eave depth of a historic structure. • The shadows created by traditional overhangs contribute to one's perception of the building's historic scale and provide weather protection; therefore, these overhangs should be preserved. Cutting back roof rafters and soffits or in other ways altering the traditional roof overhang is inappropriate. 5.2 Avoid using conjectural materials or features on a roof. • Adding features such as a widow's walk (an ornate railing around the roof ridge) on buildings where there is no evidence that one existed creates a false impression of the building's original appearance, and is inappropriate. Cornices The cornice line contributes to the visual continuity of the street. Most historic commercial buildings have cornices to cap their facades. Their repetition and general alignment along a street contribute to the visual continuity on a block and shall be preserved. 5.3 A parapet wall, especially on a primary elevation or highly visible facade, should be preserved. • When a parapet wall becomes deteriorated, there is sometimes a temptation to lower or remove it. Avoid doing this because the flashing g for the roof is often tied into the parapet, and disturbing it can cause moisture problems. • Inspect parapets on a regular basis. They are exposed to the weather more than other parts of the building, so watch for deterioration such as missing mortar or excessive moisture retention. • Avoid waterproofing treatments, which can interfere with the parapet's natural ability to dry out quickly when it gets wet. 5.4 Reconstruct a missing cornice when historic evidence is available. Use historic photographs to determine design details of the original cornice. Replacement elements should match the original in every detail, especially in overall size and profile. Keep sheet metal ornamentation well painted. The substitution of another old cornice for the original may be considered, provided that the substitute is similar to the original. Cornice details in Downtown Historic Districts January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT 5.5 A simplified interpretation is also appropriate for a replacement cornice if evidence of the original is missing. • Appropriate materials include wood, concrete and stamped metal. Canopies and Awnings Canopies are simple in detail, reflecting the character of the buildings to which they are attached. They are primarilyflat; many of the early canopies were as wide as the sidewalk area. Fabric awnings are simple, and fit into the building opening which they are covering. Historically these awnings were often operable (i.e., they can be rolled, raised, or lowered) to accommodate changing weather patterns. Rigid fabric awnings may be considered on an historic building on a case - by -case basis by the City of Seward. 5.1 Preserve existing canopies. • Do not permanently remove canopies on historic structures 5.2 If a canopy has been altered, consider restoring it to the original design. • Restore the historic canopy if it has been altered. • If an awning or canopy existed and is now missing, it should be reconstructed. 5.3 An alternative design that is an interpretation of a traditional canopy is appropriate. • Where the original canopy is missing and no evidence of its character exists, a new design that uses the traditional elements may be considered. • Canopies should convey the character of typical canopies of the buildingtype. • Canopies should not obscure character -defining features or damage the historic fabric of the building. Figure 48. Brown and Hawkins, Fourth Ave, Seward AK. Canopies provide shelter over side- walks and prove very valuable in in- clement weather. Canopies step with the street level. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT 5.4 Awnings are only appropriate on certain building types and styles. • Historical evidence of the previous awning on the building must be provided in order to gain approval for locating an awning. • Awnings should be of rigid frame construction. Operable awnings are inappropriate. • The scale of awnings should be in proportion to the building, and not dominate the facade • The materials should be canvas or a synthetic canvas. • Material must be durable and able to withstand the extreme climate. • Awnings should have a matte finish. Glossy finishes are inappropriate. • Awnings cannot be lit internally. Balconies Balconies are not common building elements, however there are a few cases where the use of such elements has occurred. 5.1 A balcony may be considered on an existing structure where: • There is sufficient evidence showing that such an element once existed as an important character defining feature of the structure; or • It will not directly be directly visible from the public right-of-way, such as on the rear of a building. • Balconies are inappropriate where they will negatively impact the historic integrity of an existing structure. 5.2 A balcony should be compatible with a building's period of significance. • Materials used for balconies should be appropriate to the period of significance and style of the building. Rooftop Uses Rooftop uses such as patios, decks and outdoor dining may be provided as amenity spaces, however their use should not detract from the integrity of the structure or impact the quality or appearance of the streetscape. 5.3 Minimize the impact of roof top uses on the integrity of an existing structure. • Rooftop activity areas are inappropriate where they will negatively impact the historic character of an existing structure. Rooftop use areas should not be visible from the sidewalk below. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT 5.4 Minimize the visual impact of rooftop uses as seen from the street. Setback a rooftop activity such that it is not visible from the sidewalk below. Railing, umbrellas, tables, and other patio furniture should be setback. The rooftop use on the left side of the building includes an appropriately set back patio space. The rooftop use on the right includes a railing which is inappropriate and should be set back from the building facade. Mechanical Equipment and Service Utilities Equipment located on the exterior of a historic building can detract from the integrityof the resource. Equipment should be located where it is not visible, or only minimally so, to avoid negative impacts. The following guidelines apply to mechanical equipment and service utilities on historic buildings. 5.1 Minimize the visual impacts of satellite dishes and other rooftop devices. Features such as satellite dishes or other roof top devices should be installed in a manner such that they will not interrupt the original cornice or ridge line. Flat skylights that are flush with the roof plane may be considered on the rear and sides of the roof. Locating a skylight or other device on a front roof plane should be avoided. 5.2 Locate and install standpipes and other service equipment such that they will not damage historic facade materials. Do not cut channels into historic facade materials as it may damage historic building fabric. 5.3 Minimize noise impacts of mechanical equipment and service utilities. When feasible, locate equipment away from adjacent residential properties and/or buffer it. Additional noise attenuation measures should be taken if the equipment noise exceeds national standards. It is inappropriate for features such as air conditioning units and other exterior equipment to be visible from the street. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Chapter 6 January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR HISTORIC ALTERATIONS AND ADDITIONS Historic Additions Some early additions may have taken on historic significance of their own. One constructed in a manner that was compatible with the original building and that is associated with the period of significance may merit preservation in its own right. In contrast, more recent additions that detract from the character of the building may be considered for removal. 6.1 Preserve an addition that has achieved historic significance in its own right. Such an addition is usually similar in character to the original buildingin terms of materials, finishes and design. Adaptive Re -Use Converting a building to a new use that is different from that which its design reflects is considered to be "adaptive re -use." For example, converting a residential building to an office is adaptive re -use. A good adaptive re -use project retains the historic character of the building while accommodating its new function. 6.2 Seek uses that are compatible with the historic character of the building. Building uses that are closely related to the original use are preferred. An example would be the conversion of a residential type building to an office. This can be accomplished without radical alterations to either the interior or exterior of the structure. See NPS Preservation Brief 14: New Exterior Additions to Historic Buildings: Preservation Concerns, for further information New Additions to Historic Properties A primary concern for an addition is to keep it in character with the existing building and to not significantly impact historic integrity. 6.1 An addition shall be compatible in scale, materials and character with the main building. • An addition shall relate to the building in mass, scale and form. It shall be designed to remain subordinate to the main structure. • An addition to the front of a building is inappropriate. 6.2 An addition shall not damage or obscure architecturally important features. • For example, the loss or alteration of a cornice line shall be avoided. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT An original two-story building, before an addition. Compare with sketches below. New addition above. New addition to the rear. 6.3 An addition may be made to the roof of a building if it does the following: • An addition shall be set back from the primary, character - defining facade, to preserve the perception of the historic scale of the building. • Its design shall be modest in character, so it will not attract attention from the historic facade. • The addition shall be subtly distinguishable as new. 6.4 In limited circumstances, an addition may be made to the roof of a building and not be set back from character -defining facades, if the following criteria are met. For example, an addition shall be distinguished from the existing building. A change in material or a decorative band may accomplish this: An addition shall maintain the alignment of storefront elements, moldings, cornices and upper -story windows that exist on the main part of the building. The addition shall be compatible in scale, texture and materials with the original January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Chapter ? January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION The historic integrity of Seward's Downtown is nationally recognized and important to maintain. New buildings in the district must both respect the existing historic character of the district, while not creating a false sense of history in new structures that would damage the integrity of the district as a whole. Downtown Seward is not known for one specific historic period of significance, but rather developed over several periods of significance. As such, Seward has several different types of architectural styles, reflecting the times in which major phases of development took place. While no one style dominates, the majority of the buildings maintain similar qualities that serve to unify the visual quality of the district. New buildings shall follow the historic patterns of development in Seward by both reflecting the unifying visual qualities and character -defining features of the district, and by reflecting the time in which they are built. The following guidelines apply to new buildings and to alterations of non-contributing buildings in the historic district. New construction shall respect the character -defining features of the historic district and reflect the time in which they are built. This new building uses traditional components, including storefronts, canopies and transoms. While they appearsimilar to historic ones, these are in fact contemporary interpretations, which is appropriate. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Placement and Orientation With the exception of small gaps in the building wall that occur for pedestrian or vehicular alleyways, most structures in the historic district are built to the full width of the parcel and to the front lot line. The resulting "street wall' pattern shall be maintained in new development. 7.1 Maintain the alignment of buildings at the sidewalk edge. Locate the front street wall at the sidewalk line when feasible. If the building has a modern interpretation of a storefront, it shall maintain the feel of the street wall through use of architectural elements and features at the street edge. 7.2 Street facades shall span lot widths. Spaces between buildings shall be kept to a minimum to maintain the street wall and sense of enclosure at the sidewalk. Exceptions are for access ways to side or rear entrances. 7.3 Lots that have multiple street fronts shall be built to address each street facade. • Buildings on corner lots shall be built to the sidewalk on both streets to the extent possible without interfering with public safety. • Buildings on lots which face multiple streets shall be double fronted and built to the sidewalk at both street fronts. • Storefronts are appropriate along all street level facades of the buildings. 7.4 Buildings on angular lots shall be built to lot lines. • The angular street pattern and the resulting non -rectilinear building forms are characteristics of Downtown Seward and new buildings may continue this pattern. Align the building front at the sidewalk edge. BuildingA is an inappropriate example of building placement along the sidewalk edge, since it does not align with the other buildings on the block. Building B is an appropriate example. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Figure 53 Align the building front at the sidewalk edge. Osbo building and Sauerdough Lodging, Fourth Ave, Seward AK 2020. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Mass, Scale, and Height Patterns of building occur along the street by the repetition of similarly -sized building elements. For example, uniform facade widths, evenly spaced along Front Street, create a rhythm that contributes to the visual continuity of the district. At a smaller size, the repetition of upper -story windows across most building fronts also creates a unifying effect. These features and similar patterns are some of the most important characteristics of the district and shall be respected in all new construction. 7.1 Traditional spacing patterns created by the repetition of uniform buildings widths along streets shall be maintained. In most cases, a facade shall not exceed established widths without a clear expression of the historic pattern. Where a building must exceed this width, use a change in design features to suggest the traditional building widths. Changes in facade material, window design, facade height or decorative details are examples of techniques that may be considered. These variations shall be expressed through the structure such that the composition appears to be a collection of smaller masses. 7.2 A new building shall incorporate a base, middle, and a cap. Traditionally, buildings were composed of these three basic elements. Interpreting this tradition in new buildings will help reinforce the visual continuity of the area. This also applies to existing, non-contributing structures. 7.3 A new building shall maintain the alignment of horizontal elements along the block. Align the height of window sills, moldings and mid belt cornices with adjacent and nearby buildings. Where sloped streets occur, a building facade shall step along the street. Example of new construction which would relate to existing historic structures by maintaining the alignment of horizontal features, producing a similarfloor to floor height, dividing a larger facade into smaller modules and maintaining the visual scale of buildings. (Aspen, CO). Figure 55 Design lower building levels to express the alignment of elements seen traditionally. Russian Shop, Fourth Ave, Seward Ak 2020 January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Anew building shall maintain the general alignment of horizontal elements along the block. Windowsills, moldings and mid belt cornices are among those elements that may be seen to align. Note the alignment of building elements varies by one to two feet on the sloping portions of Franklin Street. Storefronts and canopies generally align in more level portions of the district. 7.1 Floor -to -floor heights shall appear to be similar to those seen historically. First floor heights shall be equal to those of the surrounding buildings. Note that first floor heights are taller than upper floors. Design windows in new construction to appear similar in height, location and scale to those seen historically. 7.2 Maintain the visual building scale of two to four stories in height. Develop a primary facade that is in scale and alignment with surrounding historic buildings. Design the lower levels to express the alignment of elements seen traditionally in the block; where additional height is allowed, it shall be set back to maintain the visual appearance of scale from the street level. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT The storefronts shown are appropriate infill examples that could occur within the district. They are described below: Wood Frame Case Study The facade is wood frame construction with a metal storefront structural system. The second story of the facade is wood lap siding with a profile that matches a historic wood lap siding. The kick plate is a series of smooth colored concrete panels to complement the buildings colorscheme. The upper story windows are double hung (wood) with wood trim The doors are solid core wood with glass panels. A horizontal canopy is supported by cables. Shadow lines denote the depth of detail within the facade design. Figure 56. Develop a primary facade that is in scale and alignment with surrounding historic buildings ..... ,._. ........... ,....— .... ....._.�.._ Concrete Case Study The first floor is cast concrete with a metal storefront structural system. The upper story is wood frame with an applied stucco finish. The base of the building is a darker colored concrete to complement the building's colorscheme The building trim components, including the window headers, cornice and belt course, are wood. The upper story windows are double hung (wood). The doors are solid core wood with glass panels. A horizontal canopy is supported by cables. Shadow - lines denote the depth of detail within the I�rl facade design. Figure 57. Design the lower levels to express the alignment of elementsseen traditionally in the block; where additional height is allowed, it shall be set back to maintain the visual appearance of scale from the street level. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Building Materials Wood frame and concrete were the primary construction methods used in the historic district. These methods should continue in new construction. More modern materials may also be considered when they are compatible with those used historically. 7.1 New materials shall convey a sense of scale similar to that seen in historic materials. • Appropriately scaled materials contribute to a visually interesting building facade. • Large uninterrupted expanses of featureless materials are inappropriate. • Metal framing can often be similar to that of wood frame methods and portray a similar scale while also reflecting modern construction methods. • Lap siding shall be similar in depth and profile to historic materials. 7.2 Building materials shall have similar characteristics as materials used historically. • Unfinished or reflective materials shall not be used. • Polished stone and mirrored glass shall be avoided as primary materials. • Synthetic materials are discouraged, but are most appropriate in upper floors where they are less accessible. • Material color schemes should reflect historic patterns of one muted background color, with one or two other colors used as accents. 7.3 All materials used shall be durable and appropriate for the climate. • Any new, alternative material should have a demonstrated durability in the Seward context and shall be approved by the Community Development and/or Building Department. Although this new infill building meets basic regulations regarding height and orientation it does not reflect the character and building materialsfound in the district. Display windows should be continuous and have kick plates. The second story projection is out of scale and there is no belt course. See sketches on previous page for appropriate storefront examples. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT This is a good example of an infill building, although the storefront could be refined to further reflect the architectural characterof the district. The display windows could be increased and the kick plate could be reduced. Greaterprofile could be attained in the finish materials. Architectural Character While it is important that new buildings and alterations become compatible with the historic context, they shall not imitate older building styles because this confuses the authenticity of the district. Visual compatibility results when the design variables in a new building are arranged to be similar to historic patterns in the area yet in ways that convey their own time. 7.1 New interpretations of traditional building styles are appropriate. Infill construction shall: Be a balance of new and old design. Draw upon the fundamental similarities among older buildings in the area without copying them. This will allow it to reflect its own time and yet be compatible with its historic neighbors. Avoid literal imitation of older historic styles. 7.2 A new building shall be compatible with architectural and scale- giving elements traditionally found in the district. • Similar architectural massing as well as window and door patterns are examples of scale giving elements. 7.3 Modern interpretations of architectural features historically used are appropriate in new construction. • New construction shall include architectural features used historically in the district such as store fronts and canopies at the street level, but these shall not be direct copies of those seen historically. Figure 60. OrlanderBuilding, Fourth Ave, Seward AK 2020 New construction shall include architectural features used historically in the district such as storefronts and canopies at the street level, but these shall not be direct copies of those seen historically. Although this building complements the historic fabric, several steps could have been made to make it a better fit. This includes adding a kick plate and providing additional depth to the profile of the storefront, upper story windows, belt course and cornice. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Fagade Elements - Storefronts Storefronts are important character defining features of the historic district, and shall be included on new buildings in the historic district. 7.1 The scale and proportions of a new storefront shall be similar to those seen historically. First floors shall be taller than upper floors. 7.2 Window patterns in storefronts shall be similar to those seen historically. • The area of transparent material shall be roughly equal to what is seen historically. A contemporary interpretation of 7.3 Alternative designs that are contemporary interpretations of a storefront including kick plate traditional storefronts may be considered. and canopy, which is appropriate. Modern designs that use traditional elements are appropriate. The new design shall continue to convey the character of typical storefronts, including the transparent character of the display window. Figure 62. Brown and Hawkins, Fourth Ave, SewardAK 2020. The scale and proportion of storefront elements shall be similar to those seen historically. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Canopies Canopies are noteworthy features of the historic district and have a strong history of use. Their inclusion in the design of new construction is required by the land use code. 7.1 Building canopies are required. Canopies help unifythe streetscape as well as provide refuge from inclement weather. 7.2 Mount canopies to accentuate character -defining features and window openings. Canopies shall be mounted to highlight moldings that may be found above the storefront or within the storefront. The scale of canopies and their support systems shall be in proportion to the building, and not dominate the facade. 7.3 Use colors and materials that are compatible with the overall design of the building. Canopy materials shall reflect the style and character of the building. Use colors that are compatible with the overall color scheme of the facade. Solid colors or simple, muted stripe patterns are appropriate. 7.4 Canopies shall step down to maintain a consistent height over the sidewalk. Canopies shall not be angled across the building facade. Some slope is appropriate to allow for run-off of precipitation. Articulation in awnings and canopies is appropriate to designate the main building entry. 7.5 Projecting horizontal canopies are most appropriate. • The canopy shall fit the opening of the building. • Odd shapes, bull nose awnings and bubble awnings are inappropriate on most structures. • Internal illumination is inappropriate. • Simple shed shapes may be considered in some cases. A clearly defined entry is commonly covered by canopy. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Balconies Balconies maybe provided as amenities where their use will not impact the integrity of the district. 7.1 Balconies may be considered on new structures where: They will not be directlyvisible from the public right-of-way, such as on the rear of a building. They will be supported bythe building. Balconies are inappropriate where they will negatively impact the historic integrity of the district. Rooftop Uses Rooftop uses such as patios, decks and outdoor dining may be provided as amenity spaces, however their location should not impact the qualityor appearance of the streetscape. 7.2 Minimize the visual impact of rooftop uses as seen from the street. Setback rooftop activity areas such that they are not visible from the sidewalk below. Railings, umbrellas, tables and other patio furniture should not be visible from the street. Setback Sidewalk Street Building Rooftop use areas should not be visible from the sidewalk below. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Figure 64. Brown and Hawkins, Fourth Ave, SewardAK 2020. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Typically, upper -story windows are twice as tall as they are wide. This tradition shall be continued. This may be expressed in a variety of ways. See the examples below. Windows A pattern exists along the streets with the repetition of evenly spaced, similarly sized, upper story windows. These windows are often double hung, and help to give buildings a sense of human scale. Using window sizes and proportions that are familiar to the pedestrian helps them to relate to the overall size of a building. The alignment and similar scale of windows reflect a common historic pattern that shall be continued in new development. 7.1 Upper story windows with a vertical emphasis are required. A typical upper -story window is approximately twice as tall as it is wide. Upper -story windows in new construction shall relate to the window proportions seen historically. A ganged double -hung window configuration is appropriate. 7.2 Windows shall align with others in a block. • Windows, lintels and their trim elements shall align with traditional buildings on the block. 7.3 Materials used in and around windows shall be similar in scale and proportion to those used historically. Tinted or reflective glass is inappropriate. The use of wood windows is appropriate. The depth of the profile should be very similar to those seen historically. Upper story windows with vertical emphasis are required. Traditionally, windows have a sense of depth as seen here. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT l Although this new infill building is appropriatelyscaled with buildings in the district the window orientation, proportion, and alignment are inappropriate. The upperstory windows are aligned higher then traditionally seen and the projecting central bay window and cornice are out of character. The display windows should be larger and be accompanied by kick plates. Juneau Entries The repetition of recessed building entries occurring along the street in the historic district provides a rhythm of shadows along the street, which helps establish a sense of scale and invites pedestrians to enter buildings. This trend shall be continued in new construction. 7.1 A building entrance shall appear similar to those used historically. • Clearly define the primary entrance. • Recess the building entrance. • Choose a design similar in scale and overall characterto those seen historicallyfor a contemporary interpretation of a traditional building entry. • Place the primary building entrance at or near street level. A sunken terrace entrance is inappropriate as the primary access from the street. • Design entries to have a high degree of transparency. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Figure 69. Orlonder Building, Fourth Ave, Seward AK 2020 January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Chapter 8 Redlined edits in this chapter furnished by Commissioner LeMaster January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT DESIGNIGU FOR SITE DESIGN AND T#€ PUBLIC STREETSCAPE Seward has an active downtown where pedestrians share streets with buses, automobiles and bicycles. This mix of traffic can provide a sop -so ^f +o.,,or+ and enhance the pedestrian experience if a4 the elements are kept in balance. A unified streetscape design fe.r the histe e dis-F+et will help maintain a sense of visual continuity while expressing the unique qualities of the Downtown Historic District. The following guidelines are applicable to new development and changes to existing non- contributing buildings in Delh,A+el•,A s lh,ard the district. Seward's active downtown street scene. Cut -and -Fill Site development may require cutting into relatively steep slopes along with substantial excavations for foundations. While basis eAgiAeeFiAg technical concerns are major issues in these cases, the visual impacts of these cuts can be significant. Tothe greatest extent possible, cut#Pg-and-fill+Rgof sloping areas shall be avoided but, where it must occur, the visual impacts 4,A should be minimized. 9.4 Minimize cut -and -fill excavation that would alter the perceived natural topography. Use earth berm for retaining walls to minimize visual impacts of cuts. Hedges and fences may also be appropriate in some locations. Simple rock walls may be considered. Exposed gabions, large, continuous surfaces of smooth raw concrete and similar structures shall be avoided. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Site Retaining Walls Simple retaining walls are used in some areas where steep slopes occur. 4.4 New retaining walls should use natural materials. 4.4 Minimize the perceived scale and mass of a new retaining wall. A wall that is less than four feet is appropriate and encouraged. Consider varying the setback of individual walls to minimize the perceived overall width of a long wall. Consider varying masonry patterns to provide variety in large walls where applicable. Architectural block. With special texturing or color, may be considered where the result will appear to be in character with the area. Use earth berms, rock forms or stone retaining walls to minimize visual impacts of hillside cuts. Use a series of terraces with short walls to maintain the traditional sense of a hillside where feasible. Building and Site Lighting The primary function of lighting is for safety and security. Lighting is also used to accent building character, and far advertising and sales promotion. The primary goal for lighting in Seward is th;# to maintain a safe environment while not being detrimental to the adjacent surroundings. Lighting the sidewalk sufficiently is a goal within the district. T" dees Pet imply high I^„^''; Af oil, ,,., inatienj Minimum illumination levels are more appropriate forvarie, most nighttime functions. Traditionally, the character and level of lighting that is used on a building TFad+t+ena11 ieF I+ghts we Fe s 0 rn p!e ; n chaFaeteF and were bised to high44+t simply for highlighting signs, entrances and first floor details. Most fixtures had incandescent lamps that cast a color similar to daylight, were Felatively of low 4� intensity and weFe shielded with a simple shade de-+Ees. Although new lamp types may be considered, the overall effect of modest, focused building light shall be continued. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Exterior lights should be simple in character and used to highlight signs, entrances, sidewalk and first floor details. A sconce above the sign is an appropriate example of an exterior lighting fixture. 9.4 Exterior lighting shall accent; and not dominate; a building facade. • Primary building entrancesshould be the main source of illumination. • Secondary accents may illuminate secondary entrances, architectural details and signs. The ^f Strobe lighting is inappropriate. Seasonal string lighting is appropriate. Secondary accents that may illuminate other areas of public access, ^^dfu untie^* such as side or rear entrances, steps and walkways d along the side of the building, be to m Te Use of recessed down lighting in canopies is appropriate. 9.4 Minimize the visual impacts of site and architectural lighting. • Use exterior lights sebiFees with a low level of luminescence. • Use white lights that cast a similar color to daylight. • Do not wash an entire buildingfacade in light. • Use lighting fixtures that are eewpatible with and complimentary to the building and its surroundings in terms of style, and scale and intensity ^f illu ,,;^^+;^^ • Blinking, flashing lights and exposed strip lighting used to illuminate building facades or to outline buildings are inappropriate. • Interior lights to illuminate signs or canopies are inappropriate. Prevent glare onto adjacent properties by using shielded and focused lightsources that direct light onto the ground. The use of downlights, with the bulb fully enclosed within the shade, orstep lights which direct light only to walkways, is strongly encouraged. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT 4.4 Use shielded and focused light sources to prevent glare. Provide shielded and focused lights sebiFees that direct light downward. Do not use high intensity lights sebiFeese-F that cast light directly upward. Shield lighting associated with service areas, parking lots and parking structures Minimize impacts from service and parking area lighting. Security and service are a lighting shall be d- i-s,-rimiRatingly i+ili�orJ to 01111rv.inate the fer SuryeillaprCe as Fequirorl i „et it shall be pFeyepte d from i^reating not create a hot spot of light calling attention to it from the surrounding areas. • Keep parking area lighting at a human scale. All parking light fixtures &ha4 should be similar in design and spaced throughout the parking area to -avoid 84 Street lighting fixtures &4a4 should be consistent throughout the historic district. Extensive canopy, awning, and porch lighting is inappropriate. (Lahaina, HI). 83 Extensive canopy, awning and porch lighting is inappropriate. Lighting on the underside of a canopy is appropriate when it does not dominate the streetscape. Attach light fixtures to the building facade rather the underside of a canopy or awning. Mechanical Equipment and Service Utilities Utility service boxes, external fire connections, telecommunication devices, cables, conduits, trash and recycling storage, satellite dishes and fans may affect the character of an area. These devices should be screened from public view to avoid negative effects on historic resources. 84 Minimize the visual and noise impacts of mechanical equipment on the public way and surrounding neighborhood. • Screen equipment from view. • Do not locate window equipment on a primary facade. • Use low -profile or recessed mechanical units on roof tops. • Locate satellite dishes out of public view. • When feasible, locate equipment away from adjacent residential properties and/or buffer it. • Additional noise attenuation measures should be taken if the equipment noise exceeds national standards. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT 4-5 Minimize the visual impacts of utility connections and service boxes. • Locate utility connections and service boxes on secondary walls when feasible. • Minimize the visual impacts of trash storage and service areas. Locate service areas away from major pedestrian routes;locate them at the rear of a building, off an alley, when possible. • Screen dumpsters from view. Street Furnishings Mechanical equipment, such as satellite dishes, can detract from historic character when visible from public rights -of -way. Several areas of Downtown Seward already have amenities in place that enhance the pedestrian experience. New furnishings should continue to enhance the area while working with existing features. Where feasible, benches, planters, lighting, mail boxes, newspaper racks and trash Vies bins should be located in a "furnishings zone" whieh to maintain�a eleaFly define c-le;;rpedestrian travel lane. 84 A-4 Street furniture in the public right-of-way shall have similar materials and finishes • Draw upon local character and materials for street furniture design. • 9.4 Street furnishings shall be simple in character. • Avoid highly ornate designs which could misrepresent the history of the area. Figure 79. Street furnishing shall be simple in character, such as these benches. Figure 78. Street furnishings such as these decorative light fixtures can add to the character of the streetscape. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Art: I would delete this page. Streetfurnishings such as these decorative light fixtures can add to the character of the streetscape. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Decorative paving can help to define key intersections and aid in way finding. Sidewalks Early photographs of Downtown Seward show simple ;o;eedelq sidewalks which provide a visual unity to the area. This tradition `'hall he ,r+ir iorJ ought to continue. A aPd- Safe -pedestrian travel lape shall be Lori+ clear of all rvmerrhandi-se 84 Sidewalk design &4A should reflect the character of its historic context. Sidewalk designs should be modest in character and cirdo,e,aILc Shall be attached to the curb. • Sidewalk paving should be broom -finished, grey concrete is pFefeFFed fee the pFed mir apt plazas aR d iFtY Fds • The finish texture should comply with current accessibility requirements. 9-3 Decorative and accent paving is appropriate for key crosswalks. • Decorative paving at key intersections, crosswalks, public plazas and courtyards can help unifythe streetscape and aid in way finding throughoutthe district. • While decorative paving is appropriate for accents _+ i. A r_Pr_#_.er,& the geal feF the re e- main sidewalk treatmentr, in the district should be of a cohesive systew design. 8.4 Merchandise displayed on the sidewalk 64A should be kept clear of the public right-of-way. Clerk's note: This activity is disallowed by city code Merchandise such as hanging racks and display tables that occur outside of the building are not in character with the district, and shall be set back three feet from the storefront entrance. Early photographs of Downtown Seward show simple wooden sidewalks. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Chapter 9 January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR PARKING FACILITIES Utilizing alternative modes of transportation is encouraged in Downtown Seward; however, parking is still necessary. When accommodating parking in the downtown the primary goal is to minimize visual impacts. Surface Parking 9.1 Surface parking should be located in the interior of a block whenever possible. • Do not place surface lots on corner properties as they are generally more visible than interior lots and provide a sense of enclosure for intersections. Parking garages are inappropriate for historic properties. • Site a surface lot to minimize gaps in the street wall. • Place the parking to the rear of a building to preserve the architectural continuity of the street. • Off street parking plan must be provided by all businesses and offices on new and infill construction. Not true for Seward 9.2 Provide a visual buffer where surface lots abut sidewalks. Consider the use of a compatible wall as a screen near the edge of the lot. Use a combination of trees and shrubs to create a landscape buffer. Parking lot providing landscaped visual buffer where it abuts a public sidewalk. (Ann Arbor, MI) January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Chapter 10 January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR SIGNS A sign typically serves two functions: to attract attention and to convey information. All signs shall be consistent with the building's period of significance. All new signs shall be developed with the overall context of the building and of the area in mind. Signs shall be constructed in a manner that does not damage the historic fabric of the building. Figure 83. The only sign appearing above the canopy or first floor level of a building should relate to the name of the building or principal use within the building. Appropriate Sign Types Sign types vary widely in the Downtown Historic District. The important principle is that signs do not overwhelm the architecture of the building. The placement, location and type of a sign are perhaps the most critical factors in maintaining the order and integrity of the district. Consistent placement of signs according to building type, size, location and even building materials creates a sense of visual continuity. The use of roof- top signs of any kind are prohibited. The following sign types are acceptable in the Downtown Historic District. SCC has sign guidelines; permits are required 10.1 Canopy Signs: A canopy sign is a sign attached or applied to the horizontal face of a canopy. Canopy signs shall not extend below the bottom of the horizontal face or more than one foot above the horizontal face of the canopy. A sign located on a canopyface may be appropriate: In areas with high pedestrian use. When other signs would obscure architectural details of the structure. 10.2 Under Canopy Hanging Signs: An under canopy hanging sign is a sign that hangs from the underside of a canopy or building projection, and does not employ ground support in any matter. A canopysign should not extend below the bottom of the horizontal face, or more than one foot above the horizontal face. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT One under canopy hanging sign is allowed per tenant per street facade. A sign of this type shall be designed and located in a similar fashion to other under canopy hanging signs on the same building and shall: Incorporate sign brackets as a decorative or complementary element of the sign and building detail. Be located near the business entrance, just above the door or to the side of it. All pertinent regulations should be reviewed when planning to use an under canopy hanging on a canopy that overhangs a public right-of-way patterns to provide variety in large walls where applicable. 10.1 Facade Mounted Signs. A facade mounted sign is a sign that is attached to the wall or surface of a building, which is parallel to the supporting surface. When designing and locating a sign of this type: Place the sign relativelyflush with the building facade Figure 84. Under canopy hanging signs. and align it with others signs on the building. • Place the sign within, rather than forward of, the fascia or other architectural details of the building. Decorative moldings and architectural details of the building should be used to define a sign, by locating the sign within a panel formed by moldings or transom panels. • Place the sign in a manner that does not obstruct character defining features of the building. An under canopy hanging sign is encouraged. These signs shall not extend more than 5' from the facade front, nor shall they be less than 7' from above the finished sidewalk. SCC citation? 10.1 Window or Door Signs. A window or door sign is a sign that is painted on, adhered to and/or displayed through a window or door with the intent to be viewed from the outside. When using this type of signage the following criteria shall apply: Window or door signs may occupy 10% of the storefront glass and are only allowed on the first floor of a building. All window and door signage in excess of the allowable 10% of the store front glass shall be counted against the overall allowed sign area for that side of the building. 10.1 Historic Building Names. A historic building name or sign that is a significant part of the historic building, may contribute to the historic significance of the building and as such shall be preserved and not removed. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Sign Composition The composition of a sign in contrast to a building's architectural detail and design are important to preserving the significance or integrity of a historic building. When designing and installing a sign the following shall apply: 10.1 Signs shall be subordinate to the overall building composition. • Scale signs to fit with the facade of the building. • Locate a sign to emphasize design elements of the facade itself. • Mount signage to fit within existing architectural features using the shape of the sign to help reinforce the horizontal lines of moldings and transoms seen on the building. • Calculate the sign area by using simple geometric shapes that define the sign. • Though not widely done historically, the use of symbols to portray a word, name, or idea may be considered. • Rooftop signs are inappropriate; this includes stand-alone or painted on signs. An irregularly shaped sign area is calculated by a simple geometrical shape juxtaposed on the object. 10.2 A corporate logo or color scheme may be incorporated into signage as long as signs of this nature do not alter or destroy existing architectural features or details. The Community Development Department Director shall determine the portion of the building that will be recognized as part of a corporate design, and therefore a sign. The total window and doorsign area should not exceed 10% of the total storefront glass (grayed area). The maximum window and doorsign area is shown in this example. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Sign Character When designing a sign that will be erected in the historic district consideration shall be given to the proposed materials, colors and details of the sign and the building on which the sign is to be installed. . See NPS Preservation Brief 25: The Preservation of Historic Signs, for further information 10.1 Signs shall be designed in a manner that doesn't damage the historic fabric of the building. • Any sign that visually overpowers the building or obscures significant views or architectural features is inappropriate. 10.2 A simple sign design is preferred. • Typefaces that are in keeping with those seen in historic photos or that are traditionally used are encouraged. Modern typefaces are inappropriate. • Avoid hard -to -read or overly intricate typeface styles. • Consider letter and painted signs on blank walls as they were used historically. Figure 88. A sign shall be clearly legible. Sign Materials A sign's material shall reflect the style of the building to which it is attached and its period of significance . 10.3 Use signage materials that are compatible with the building facade. • Signs shall be wood, sign -grade foam, or metal. • Other materials may be used as long as the material is durable and does not have a plastic appearance. • Signs shall be painted and shall have a matte surface finish. The use of vinyl covers or stickers are inappropriate, except in the instance of window and door signs. • Highly reflective materials shall not be used. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Sign Lighting The sign illumination source shall be shielded to minimize glare. Light intensity shall not overpower the building or street edge. Small and discreet modern light fittings may provide an unobtrusive alternative to traditionally styled lamp units. 10.4 Use indirect lighting on signage. • Direct the lighting at signage from an external, shielded lamp. • Warm lighting, similar to daylight, is appropriate. • Strobe lighting is inappropriate. • Internal illumination is inappropriate. • Halo illumination is inappropriate Sign Installation The installation of a sign is an integral aspect in the retention of key architectural features and in minimizing damage to the building. 10.1 Avoid damaging or obscuring architectural details or features when installing signs. • Minimize the number of anchor points when feasible. • Install sins in a manner that does not create a public safety hazard. Sign Color The use of color in sign design shall be assessed in the context of the building, as well as the area, scale and form of the sign. Strong primary colors shall be used sparingly and primarily for accent purposes. Sign panels shall avoid areas of white or cream, which visually detach the sign from the building. Color shall be used to accentuate the sign design and message, and to integrate the sign with the building. 10.2 Use colors for the sign that are generally compatible with those of the buildingfront. • In general, no more than three main colors shall be used, although small amounts of additional accent colors may be Appropriateundercanopy appropriate. hanging signs. • Use colors and materials that are compatible with the overall color scheme of the fa4ade. • Select colors that offer contrast and legibility. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Chapter 11 January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR OFF-SEASON WINDOW DISPLAYS Downtown Seward is a seasonal tourist destination. This creates occupancy issues because many businesses close during the off-season. Upon closing, tenants and/or business owners screen windows with butcher paper or similar types of materials to convey closure. This type of treatment has a negative impact on the streetscape, including a perception of abandonment. Exterior and interior lights are also extinguished, reinforcing the sense of closure along the street. A more appropriate approach is to consider installing a temporary window display that could block views to the interior of the store, but also convey information. For example, an interpretive photo display could be one approach that could solve this issue. Low levels of illumination could lightthe panels throughout the evening hours. Exterior lights that help to illuminate the sidewalk should also be maintained throughout the year. These efforts would enhance the streetscape and create a pedestrian -friendly environment year-round. 11.1 Window displays shall provide year-round interest. • Windows covered by newspaper, boards or blank coverings are inappropriate. • For example, a pictorial history of Seward or the building's past can be made for display during the off-season; this can take the form of banners or display boards. Figure 90. Display windows shall provide year-round interest. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Appendices January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT APPENDIX A The Secretary of the Interior's Standards for the Rehabilitation of Historic Buildings The Secretary of the Interior's Standards for the Rehabilitation of Historic Buildings are general rehabilitation guidelines established by the National Park Service. These standards are policies that serve as a basis for the design principles presented in this document. The Secretary's Standards state that: 1. A property shall be used as it was historically or be given a new use that requires minimal change to its distinctive materials, features, spaces, and spatial relationships. 2. The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved. The removal of distinctive materials or alteration of features, spaces, and spatial relationships that characterize a property shall be avoided. 3. Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use. Changes that create a false sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or elements from other historic properties, shall not be undertaken. 4. Changes to a property that have acquired historic significance in their own right shall be retained and preserved. 5. Distinctive materials, features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that characterize a property shall be preserved. 6. Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, and, where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features shall be substantiated by documentary and physical evidence. 7. Chemical or physical treatments, if appropriate, shall be undertaken using the gentlest means possible. Treatments that cause damage to historic materials shall not be used. 8. Archeological resources shall be protected and preserved in place. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken. 9. New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction shall not destroy historic materials, features, and spatial relationships that characterize the property. The new work shall be differentiated from the old and shall be compatible with the historic materials, features, size, scale and proportion, and massing to protect the integrity of the property and its environment. 10. New additions and adjacent or related new construction shall be undertaken in such a manner that, if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the historic property and its environment would be unimpaired. 11. Design for alterations and additions to existing properties should not be discouraged when such alterations and additions do not destroy significant historical, architectural or cultural material. Such design should be compatible with the size, scale, color, material and character of the property, neighborhood, and environment. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT APPENDIX B Historic Preservation Briefs The Cultural Resources Department of the National Park Service, in the U.S. Department of the Interior, started a program in 1975 in which it has continued to publish a series of technical reports regarding proper preservation techniques. This series, Preservation Briefs, is a mainstay for many preservationists in the field. When considering a preservation project on any historic property these resources should be sought out. Mack, Robert C. Preservation Briefs 1: The Cleaning and Waterproof Coating of Masonry Buildings. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1975. Mack, Robert C., de Teel Patterson Tiller and James S. Askins. Preservation Briefs 2: Repointing MortarJoints in Historic Brick. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980. Baird, Smith M. Preservation Briefs 3: Conserving Energy in Historic Buildings. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978. Sweetser, Sarah M. Preservation Briefs 4: Roofing for Historic Buildings. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978. U.S. Department of the Interior. Preservation Briefs 5: Preservation of Historic Adobe Buildings. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978. Grimmer, Anne E. Preservation Briefs 6: Dangers of Abrasive Cleaning to Historic Buildings. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979. Tiller, de Teel Patterson. Preservation Briefs 7: The Preservation of Historic Glazed Architectural Terra- Cotta. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979. Myers, John H., revised by Gary L. Hume. Preservation Briefs 8: Aluminum and Vinyl Siding on Historic Buildings. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978. Myers, John H. Preservation Briefs 9: The Repair of Historic Wooden Windows. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1981. Weeks, Kay D. and David W. Look. Preservation Briefs 10: Exterior Paint Problems on Historic Woodwork. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1982. Jandl, H. Ward. Preservation Briefs 11: Rehabilitating Historic Storefronts. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. U.S. Department of the Interior. Preservation Briefs 12: The Preservation of Historic Pigmented Structural Glass. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Park, Sharon C. Preservation Briefs 13: The Repair and Thermal Upgrading of Historic Steel Windows. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Weeks, Kay D. Preservation Briefs 14: New Exterior Additions to Historic Buildings: Preservation Concerns. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1986. Coney, William B. and Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. Preservation Briefs 15: Preservation of Historic Concrete: Problems and General Approaches. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Park Sharon C. Preservation Briefs 16: The Use of Substitute Materials on Historic Building Exteriors. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Nelson, Lee H. Preservation Briefs 17: Architectural Character: Identifying the Visual Aspects of Historic Buildings as an Aid to Preserving Their Character. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Jandl, H. Ward. Preservation Briefs 18: Rehabilitating Interiors in Historic Buildings. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1988. Park Sharon C. Preservation Briefs 19: The Repair and Replacement of Historic Wooden Shingle Roofs. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Auer, Michael J. Preservation Briefs 20: The Preservation of Historic Barns. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1989. MacDonald, Marylee. Preservation Briefs 21: Repairing Historic Flat Plaster —Walls and Ceilings. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1989. Grimmer, Anne. Preservation Briefs 22: The Preservation and Repair of Historic Stucco. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1990. Flaharty, David. Preservation Briefs 23: Preserving Historic Ornamental Plaster. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1990. Park, Sharon C. Preservation Briefs 24: Heating, Ventilating, and Cooling Historic Buildings: Problems and Recommended Approaches. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1991. Auer, Michael J. Preservation Briefs 25: The Preservation of Historic Signs. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1991. Bomberger, Bruce D. Preservation Briefs 26: The Preservation and Repair of Historic Log Buildings. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1991. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Waite, John G. Preservation Briefs 27: The Maintenance and Repair of Architectural Cast Iron. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1991. Chase, Sara B. Preservation Briefs 28: Painting Historic Interiors. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1992. Levine, Jeffrey S. Preservation Briefs 29: The Repair, Replacement, and Maintenance of Historic Slate Roofs. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1992. Grimmer, Anne E. and Paul K. Williams. Preservation Briefs 30: The Preservation and Repair of Historic Clay Tile Roofs. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1992. Park, Sharon C. Preservation Briefs 31: Mothballing Historic Buildings. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993. Jester, Thomas C. and Sharon C. Park. Preservation Briefs 32: Making Historic Properties Accessible. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993. Vogel, Neal A. and Rolf Achilles. Preservation Briefs 33: The Preservation and Repair of Historic Stained and Leaded Glass. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993. Thornton, Jonathan and William Adair. Preservation Briefs 34: Applied Decoration for Historic Interiors: Preserving Composition Ornament. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1994. McDonald, Travis C. Preservation Briefs 35: Understanding Old Buildings: The Process of Architectural Investigation. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1994. Birnbaum, Charles A. Preservation Briefs 36: Protecting Cultural Landscapes: Planning, Treatment and Management of Historic Landscapes. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1994. Park, Sharon C. and Douglas Hicks. Preservation Briefs 37: Appropriate Methods for Reducing Lead Paint Hazards in Historic Housing. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1995. Weaver, Martin E. Preservation Briefs 38: Removing Graffiti from Historic Masonry. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1995. Park, Sharon C. Preservation Briefs 39: Holding the Line: Controlling Unwanted Moisture in Historic Buildings. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1994. Grimmer, Anne E. and Kimberly A. Konrad. Preservation Briefs 40: Preserving Historic Ceramic Tile Floors. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1995. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Look, David W., AIA, Terry Wong, P.E., and Sylvia Rose Augustus. Preservation Brief 41: The Seismic Retrofit of Historic Buildings. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997. Piper, Richard. Preservation Brief 42: The Maintenance, Repair and Replacement of Cast Stone. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1995. Slaton, Deborah. Preservation Brief 43: The Prepartion and Use of Historic Structures Report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2004. Randl, Chad. Preservation Brief44: The Use of Awnings on Historic Buildings Repair, Replacement & New Design. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2004. Leeke, John and Aleca Sullivan. Preservation Briefs 45: Preserving Historic Wooden Porches. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2006. Randl, Chad. Preservation Briefs 46: The Preservation and Reuse of Historic Gas Stations. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2006. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT APPENDIX C Glossary of Terms Alignment. The arrangement of objects along a straight line. Appurtenances. An additional object added to a building; typically includes vents, exhausts hoods, air conditioning units, etc. Asphalt Shingles. A type of roofing material composed of layers of saturated felt, cloth or paper, and coated with a tar, or asphalt substance, and granules. Belt Course. A horizontal board across or around a building usually enhanced with decorative molding. Board and Batten. Vertical plank siding with joints covered by narrow wood strips. Bracket. A supporting member for a projecting element or shelf, sometimes in the shape of an inverted L and sometimes as a solid piece or a triangular truss. (figure 1) Building. A resource created principallyto shelter anyform of human activity, such as a house. Canopy. A roof like projection or shelter that projects from the facade of a building over the sidewalk. Clapboards. Narrow, horizontal, overlapping wooden boards, usually thicker along the bottom edge, that form the outer skin of the walls of many wood frame buildings. The horizontal lines of the overlaps generally are from four to six inches apart in older houses. Composition Shingles. See asphalt shingles. Coping. The protective uppermost course of a wall or parapet. (figure 2) Cornice. The continuous projection at the top of a wall. The top course or molding of a wall when it serves as a crowning member. (figure 3) Doorframe. The part of a door opening to which a door is hinged. A doorframe consists of two vertical members called jambs and a horizontal top member called a lintel or head. Double -Hung Window. A window with two sashes (the framework in which window panes are set), each moveable by a means of cords and weights. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Eave. The underside of a sloping roof projecting beyond the wall of a building. (figure 5) Elevation. A mechanically accurate, "head-on" drawing of a face of a building or object, without any allowance for the effect of the laws of perspective. Any measurement on an elevation will be in a fixed proportion, or scale, to the corresponding measurement on the real building. Facade. Front or principal face of a building, any side of a building that faces a street or other open space. Fascia. A flat board with a vertical face that forms the trim along the edge of a flat roof, or along the horizontal, or "eaves" sides of a pitched roof. The rain gutter is often mounted on it. Fenestration. The arrangement of windows and other exterior openings on a building. Form. The overall shape of a structure (i.e., most structures are rectangular in form). Frame. A window component. See window parts. Gable. The portion, above eave level, of an end wall of a building with a pitched or gambrel roof. In the case of a pitched roof this takes the form of a triangle. The term is also used sometimes to refer to the whole end wall. Glazing. Fitting glass into windows and doors. Head. The top horizontal member over a door or window opening. Historic District. A geographically definable area of urban or rural character, possessing a significant concentration or continuity of site, building, structures or objects unified by past events or aesthetically by plan or physical development. Historic Resource. A structure or streetscape that is unique to its period of significance and as such is to be wisely managed for the benefit of present and future generations. In -Kind Replacement. To replace a feature of a building with materials of the same characteristics, such as material, texture, color, etc. Integrity. A property retains its integrity, if a sufficient percentage of the structure dates from the period of significance. The majority of a building's structural system and materials should date from the period of significance and its character defining features also should remain intact. These may include architectural details, such as dormers and porches, ornamental brackets and moldings and materials, as well as the overall mass and form of the building. Kick plate. Found beneath the display window. Sometimes called bulk- head panel. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Landmark. Any of the following which have a special historical, architectural, cultural, aesthetic or engineering interest or value of a historical nature: • An individual structure or portion thereof; An integrated group of structures on a single lot; A site, or portion thereof; or Any combination thereof. Lap Siding. See clapboards. Mass. The physical size and bulk of a structure. Masonry. Construction materials such as stone, brick, concrete block or tile. Material. As related to the determination of "integrity" of a property, material refers to the physical elements that were combined or deposited in a particular pattern or configuration to form a historic resource. Module. The appearance of a single facade plane, despite being part of a larger building. One large building can incorporate several building modules. Molding. A decorative band or strip of material with a constant profile or section designed to cast interesting shadows. It is generally used in cornices and as trim around window and door openings. (figure 8) Muntin. A bar member supporting and separating panes of glass in a window or door. Opaque Fence. A fence that one cannot see through. Orientation. Generally, orientation refers to the manner in which a building relates to the street. The entrance to the building plays a large role in the orientation of a building; whereas, it should face the street. Panel. A sunken or raised portion of a door with a frame -like border. Parapet. An upward extension of a building wall above the roofline, sometimes ornamented and sometimes plain, used to give a building a greater feeling of height or a better sense of proportion. Period of Significance. Span of time in which a property attained the significance. Post. A piece of wood, metal, etc., usually long and square or cylindrical, set upright to support a building, sign, gate, etc.; pillar; pole. Preservation. The act or process of applying measures to sustain the existing form, integrity and materials of a building or structure, and the existing form and vegetative cover of a site. It may include initial stabilization work, where necessary, as well as ongoing maintenance of the historic building materials. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Protection. The act or process of applying measures designed to affect the physical condition of a property by defending or guarding it from deterioration, or to cover or shield the property from danger of injury. In the case of buildings and structures, such treatment is generally of a temporary nature and anticipates future historic preservation treatment; in the case of archaeological sites, the protective measure may be temporary or permanent. Reconstruction. The act or process of reproducing by new construction the exact form and detail of a vanished building, structure or object, or part thereof, as it appeared at a specific period of time. Rehabilitation. The act or process of returning a property to a state of utility through repair or alteration which makes possible an efficient contemporary use while preserving those portions or features of the propertywhich are significant to its historical, architectural and cultural value. Renovation. The act or process of returning a property to a state of utility through repair or alteration which makes possible a contemporary use. Restoration. The act or process of accurately recovering the form and details of a property and its setting as it appeared at a particular period of time by means of the removal of later work or by the replacement of missing earlier work. Sash. See window parts. Scale. The size of structure as it appears to the pedestrian. Shape. The general outline of a building or its facade. Side Light. A usually long fixed sash located beside a door or window; often found in pairs. Siding. The narrow horizontal or vertical wood boards that form the outer face of the walls in a traditional wood frame house. Horizontal wood siding is also referred to as clapboards. The term "siding" is also more loosely used to describe any material that can be applied to the outside of a building as a finish. Sill. The lowest horizontal member in a frame or opening for a window or door. Also, the lowest horizontal member in a framed wall or partition. Size. The dimensions in height and width of a building's face. Stile. A vertical piece in a panel or frame, as of a door or window. Stabilization. The fact or process of applying measures designed to reestablish a weather resistant enclosure and the structural stability of an unsafe or deteriorated property while maintaining the essential form as it exists at present. Storefront. Exterior facade of a commercial building. Includes the following architectural elements: display window, transom, kick plate, entry, cornice molding, and upper story windows. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Streetscape. Generally, the streetscape refers to the character of the street, or how elements of the street form a cohesive environment. Traditional. Based on or established by the history of the area. Transom Window. A small window or series of panes above a door, or above a casement or double hung window. Vernacular. This means that a building does not have details associated with a specific architectural style, but is a simple building with modest detailing and form. Historically, factors often influencing vernacular building were things such as local building materials, local climate and building forms used by successive generations. Visual Continuity. A sense of unity or belonging together that elements of the built environment exhibit because of similarities among them. Window Parts. The moving units of a window are known as sashes and move within the fixed frame. The sash may consist of one large pane of glass or may be subdivided into smaller panes by thin members called muntins or glazing bars. Sometimes in nineteenth century houses windows are arranged side by side and divided by heavy vertical wood members called mullions January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Brackets Coping Cornice 4 Double Hung Window Ea ve Head January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Kick Plate Molding Parapet Posts Side Lights January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Historic Resources Map APPENDIX D V 1_ ' 1„1111.1 1 111 11111 1 I�1�11111�1 ke Im I January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT APPENDIX E Selecting Historic Paint Colors Selecting a Color Find the Original Color When selecting a paint color for your historic building, it is most appropriate to use the original color or another color that would have been available when the building was constructed. The original color may be listed in historic records, shown in old photos, determined by a heritage consultant who analyzes a sample and then helps determine a match from modern paint colors, or determined by the home owner using the "bullseye method" (Stark, Historic Media). The "bullseye method' consists of sanding down an area in a shallow circle about four inches across down to the bare wood or base layer, with a final rub with very fine sandpaper. Pick an area that has been most protected from the weather and previous paint preparation, such as the north side under the eaves. Remember that some of the old layers were probably lead paint so wear a facemask, do not breath the dust and keep your bullseye small. A quick rub with some clear mineral oil has returned the colors to their original intensity. A color strategist could then help you match the original color to a modern paint color. Learn more in the article "Finding the Original Colors of My House" by Stuart Stark of Historic Media. Finding an Appropriate Historical Color if the Original is Not Available If the original color can't be determined, an appropriate color can be estimated by what was available locally, regionally or nationally at the time. Pre -mixed paints became available in large cities in the 1880'a but many painters still bought pigments and ground and mixed them with linseed oil to make their own paints on site through the 1920s. These colors would be impossible to determine unless finding evidence of them on your historic building. Local available paint colors would have likely been based on what was in style nationally, and popular in Alaska. Paint was available through local stores such as Brown and Hawkins, and possibly through mail order catalogues such as Sears, Roebuck and Co. The Seward Gateway newspaper ads show Brown and Hawkins sold Whittier and Coburn Company paint in 1909, and Fuller paint in the 1920s. Sears, Roebuck Co. catalog sold Seroco paints. the painting styles of the period when your home was constructed. How dark or light were the body colors compared to the trim and accent colors, and how many colors were generally used? In the 1880's-1890s or late Victorian period, deep, rich colors were popular for the main body of the home. That that changed to paler and brighter colors during 1900-1920 s when Seward was founded. How colors were used on the body and trim also changed. Many homes built in the 1890's, had a mid -tone body color, darker trim boards and pale sashes. In the early 1900's around the time Seward was founded , the style was a mid -tone body color, with pale trim boards and dark painted window sashes. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Any colors noted here or that you may see online, look different than they actually looked at the time because of the quality of the photo , your computer screen, or the printed copy you are viewing. Colors shown here are for reference and ideas only. For your particular house, your will have other considerations such as fixed finishes and roof colors to consider. Your color selection should also look good in relation to neighboring buildings and the neighborhood. Consider consulting with a color specialist for best results. Before painting, review the following briefs to help you save time and money, determine the appropriate method of preparing your building for paint and what type of paint should be used. Chase. Sara B. Preservation Briefs 28: Painting Historic Interiors. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1992. Weeks, Kav D., and David W. Look. Preservation Briefs 10: Exterior Paint Problems on Historic Woodwork. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1982. 1903-1910 Early pictures of Seward are in black and white, so colors are difficult to determine. Many early photos reflect an abundance of what appears to be white or light-colored buildings. This would be typical of the styles when Seward was founded. Also, more colorful paints were likely more expensive. Seward Gateway newspaper ads show that Brown and Hawkins sold Whittier -Coburn Company paints. There were other businesses listed in ads that offered paint, but the brands were not listed. Some Whittier -Coburn colors from the time can be found on paint cards shown online, which may represent colors available in Seward at the time. Local painters may have also purchased pigments, and mixed their own paint colors. SAYE YOUR MONEY h l 1`-r 1 o':d I tl"Jntly W :If11 I ]Elk-, lit kw .larl okuWI '. 111 6JIL I aRu^n•• to �+f`wnnl 1� ill aerly ,fd hrr omn. It i, Flow t11at fitne i.I } .:tr "II .I1 loll "1u:41 llon.nrkre+pr `r`+: 1W.1131'r Ili h:r,ut ;uni pallv`1 theiv F1.11f. '1 hk Iw n n,v`+e..ify Ind a 11l Iur' •, rg kr• ;u+e, Ina Pon`el, mkiv­ laid half I'I. Irl I lY1 I'1 • N., I 11IAt, 11kt: I I lo IY I I, I t kilo f 1 u 1a I I m VI !Y I 1 +•Ir •.1 (, dirr I11l.0 lm dE nub d aml m I r@ 5111 IF '.At d I I I 1,„II ♦u d. I,;ur+ ,w 9t 1r1 I:t `i If `• nrld d m 1.fr• 1 r l 1 k In I ,,, ] enl•k,u•+` of 1,nu• huu a eddy :u d .Im1110 'I'6r ul.11t'r kiIttd Iit IrtiI i. I I o I, A t}r> Im"t Alf iri:;rl1•IIt 111111"'11 ri.e "'11 nand itl 16:• i«•,a liny,sd,li 1. F:n 11 uniIIr gl,++.n1 •In,d:t lI s and nn;Ir• I'm il. IlITFA'fl Irlwpnvl ir,n-Mi,l•u •lw`„u,l Am,. "rr .r .�I: F,Ia•:: urlrlra rr,ln� ': rbrnlia°al rilln.n „all fin., ;1 6r`.ti61, . if,, r IF Ill \f11i hell ,Ilk] .;:, t6„ 1114"" k,il:d ,d I'll 111u :� i,lll rthroW'In.. your II'loney away. 111,I 6(1✓li ,:III lul,. IlN',lll1,•I. kl'lll1, .,Iwh tnr• pn lan,' n• Ih:LL (net lip 11' Ill. W• 11 kr r �� I111'tlN.1t.1 1111r'1tV' t I t nr Nr', th,:t saving your money. V I ol I1rd aili r IIt n, Ilairti moll flit l 11 'All arr I Iln nt„ a 'IL nlr mor ji,w­ 11: mill .:IV Itu, -AMei f1',1IF '.d ap' ,1,Li:"t i Allto, 11` Iheld t+r Il aI p, 0'3.A•:' .ne,l . ., ,bwl--6i11.. Nola'. If you Want to save money. fm,k 11w Wtit I -I Iht:•r +nr lr, 1'1 h,•u'1nclwed'It," "ra• r„ I•'a1, is? 11,"AkIt & Ilawk1it,IIA „I- anv rnlar loll. nla, �. i.r •, 1l'llih• ,nt :1r, s• [I% money 1, pl.wdal rn u,1r nrsirtl» tuna :w. Ilm n 4 llawkin. 164° Ina, Y A 1 air I tl iit 1 1nr vn.11i t 61rr T'Ptre ha11 '��•pF,•h a.:�urt rnl ltl nC lrp tl.l lino wnlld.a p.1 :,Iva' �II �.� I, a`1' p'� :I I�.,* m'llll Itn,,11'N ,1; it 111'w, Excerpt from Seward Gateway, 3-26-1906. ,q..,,.. .., ,,, e%tlx[ a u'6,4R SUMCM WLLn ' Examples of some Whitter Coburn Co. colors found online that were available in 1909. It is unknown if these colors were available in Seward, but since the brand was carried, it was likely they were. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Coburn Co's Floor faint. )-i Color Da.k YdI... Dark Gray Sand Stole Slate Bros" hitti ._ of um Co. catalog. 1909 F'CX'S COLD WATER PAINT Fireproof .. Waterproof .. Permanent FOR BRICK, CEMENT CONCRETE AND ROUGH LUMBER SURFACES Examples of some Whitter Coburn Co. colors found online that were available in 1909. Some of today's modern paint companies such as Benjamin Moore and Sherwin Williams were also making paint during this time period. We do not know if their paints were available in Seward, but is likely that similar colors were being made by brands available in Seward. Listed are some that both have listed as popular during these different time periods. When Seward was founded, the Victorian period was ending and the Craftsman Style beginning. Some of the color preferences of the Craftsman Period include simple off whites and earth tones. Sherwin Williams Paint Colors SW J636 SW 0035 Buckram Binding Warm Beige Interior Interior/Exterior ILM SW 0037 SW 0040 Morris Room Grey Roycroft Adobe Interior I Exterior Interior / Exterior SW 0041 SW 0043 SW 0048 Dard Hunter Green Peristyle Brass Bunglehouse Blue Interior I Exterior Interior! Exterior Interior! Exterior These colors were popular from the 1890s through 1920. Benjamin Moore Paint Colors 70M 50 Salmon Barry 4C12 Comma nmmy 104 $WM ow AF4[-0,Sonn+�r� I-?- (".W. V.nYCc4%ilor.:Orm January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT 1��1��- 1��^��� ����^ ��^�w The homes of the early 20th century relied on the old white pigments — white lead, zinc white, and |ithopone —for white paints. In 1916 technology allow a denser, white pigment with better coverage and durability. This soon became very popular for exterior paint. Sherwin WilliamsPaint � Colors ~,/ /����V|[l xx |//|/ ��|[l° ^~C�/ors Color preferences of the Craftsman Period listed above from 1903-1910 were still popular. Benjamin ^ �� Paint � Colors ����[l|���]|[l /v/C�C��� / ��|[l° ^~C�/ors .5U Klw�, . ... � S" � Paint � Colors- � ,J Roebuck � Catalogue � � | ������] /�|�°^~�]/�]��-�������y /��]����m^~�°�/ogue Sears sold paint through their catalogues and had a big influence over style and color. Seward may have had access toorder paint through this catalogue. Kalsomine January Z2,ZUZZHPVVS 1920-1930 The new white paints became increasingly popular for interior paints. Enamel paints were developed and praised for use in kitchens and bathrooms since they could be washed and were considered very clean and hygienic. Seward Gateway Brown and Hawkins ads in the 1920s showed they were carrying Fuller paints. Your Paint Dollar —How Big in .5 Years T"K.7?rl IP� A�;Cm ty C7 111 ZEN _­4 "1 .)Zc. gum C "ki.g wa thL 0 u Pminr rvrexa :t r I ... 11 nm me a ICW r'IF j, I I', in f: " C, *L t:­4p panki J, fl'q IPM44 as ably "f PWK SO ow'd tkm ""'t ruj - ''RE T'M All r'7_j "k. e.rwp i. F runny �-M.ky V Of "—A a FU.Ilerh auerr V� House Painfa .. . ....... . Free Advice you Asintins AMM F'Momwd— To, w. r, SAVE THM 1 5 F.L A: F.AP Seward Gateway Brown and Hawkins ad, 9-3-21. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT Fuller paint colors, circa 1925, according to a seller on eBoy. These are laquers so were likely used more on furniture than on exteriors. Sherwin Williams Paint Colors According to Sherwin Williams, this period, often called the jazz age, used wall colors that were generally light neutrals and greys with accessories and accents in vibrant colors like Chinese Red and Blue Peacock. N I SW 0057 SW 0058 SW 0059 SW 0060 Chinese Red Jazz Age Coral Frostwork Alexandrite Interior/Exterior Intenor Interior/Exterior Interior l Exterior Benjamin Moore Paint Colors A;v Sr' —, Ar'61 F) Am aFnx Nrj- SW 0061 Salon Rose Interior Af 54'5 Sottucta SW 0062 SW 0063 SW 0064 Studio Mauve Blue Sky Blue Peacock Interior/Exterior Interior l Exterior Interior A= s A a< AM 1 4 January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT 1���1-1���1 ��.^�^ ��-rw Did Brown and Hawkins still carry Fuller paint in the 1930s? If so, here are some of their colors that may have been available inSeward. From o29J4Fuller Point catalogue, Color in the Home: From o29J0skKPFULLER & Co. [0NCRE7ADamp Proof Coating PAINT Samples Booklet being sold on eBoy. Fuller Point colorsƒromo29J4coto/oguu/kKf!Fu0er&[u/ 1934 Fuller Point co6orsƒmnno2934cotologue./kKP.Fu0er&Coj 1934. January Z2,ZUZZHPVVS DRAFT Sherwin Williams Paint Colors According to Sherwin Williams, the modern movement and streamlined design inspired soft and dusty Interior colors with creamy yellows, blued grays, soft pinks and accents in deep forest green and burgundy. SW 0065 SW 0066 SW 0067 SW 0068 Vog ue Green Cascade Green Belvedere Cream Copen Blue Interior Exterior Intoner/ Exterior Interior/ Exterior Interior/ Exteror Benjamin Moore Paint Colors so — SW 0069 SW 0070 Rose Tan Pink Shad — Interior / Exterior Interior( Exterior Lim SW 0071 SW 0072 Orchid Deep Maroon Interior/ Exteror Intenor RF'34Sitim ",JoQ9ni'Toflvf A CEWI :a 1940 - 1950 Sherwin Williams Paint Colors The paint colors of then 1930s were still popular in the 1940s. See above. Benjamin Moore Paint Colors +F370CMr+e afatia StM' Irrq 1W I'vewom IN? ilo'— ti T Resources Benjamin Moore Three Centuries of Color Color in the Home: Sueeestions for Interior and Exterior DecoratinLy. W.P. Fuller & Co. San Francisco (W.R Fuller & Co.) 1934 Seroco Paint- Sears and Roebuck Catalogue 1918. Sherwin Williams- Color Through the Decades Finding the original Colors of my House- Stuart Stark, Heritage Consultant Old House Colors- Historic Media. January 21, 2022 HP WS DRAFT