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HomeMy WebLinkAbout12182023 Trawling Presentation Gulf of Alaska Seafloor Habitat Protection f ! ..k. ,dll y Al a � Jon Warrenchuk Senior Scientist and Campaign Mana Oceana ; 12/6/2023 Public comment to Seward Docks ,�)CEANA and Harbors Advisory Board '�+ yPhoto©Oceana City of Seward maritime economy • Charter(tourism) and salmon, halibut, -...,_ blackcod commercial fisheries - • Over 50 Charter halibut businesses reside in Seward, up to 500 client anglers/day • Halibut, salmon, lingcod, rockfish • Resident commercial fleet participate in hook-and-line/pot Pacific halibut/blackcod and salmon fisheries • Seward seafood processing of blackcod, halibut, and salmon ,F� 7 Pe( } i • � Mr t� �Mi ..r Essential Fish Habitat Rom!lt- a . �°� « � �����\\» r � � > � �� }y . \� § >\� \/t � » y . . ,, � \� . , �� �� Kƒ � � � . ^2 < ^� � \ . , � . ff / ' (. > � �a � . 7' �� �` ����7 . � , � - �� ' �{ %k � \ ~ y\ �/ � ��� . < ! \ \ƒ � ' \�<� • \ \ \ © ` . , t y� .\/\ �\ . � !� � £: � , \ ®� � »� � � -� � / � r �_ y � f .2��. E. h R " e W Y; pZld�>L 3� siY + 5 b .r"3 ` i Figurer Wilborn, R.E.,Spies, L,Goddard, Images of deepwater coral habitat and rockfish larvae(Sebastes spp.)associated with collections made with a plankton pump during this study or P., Rooper,C.N.and Orr,J.W., made during the bottom-trawl survey conducted by the NCIAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center(AFSC)in the Gulf of Alaska in 2017:(A)deepwater 2022.First observation of the use coral habitat where the larval northern rockfish was collected with the plankton pump,(B)the northern rockfish larva collected in the plankton pump,(C)a larval rockfish with a coral of Plumarella superba from the collection of specimens captured during the AFSC bottom-trawl survey,(D) of coral habitat by larval northern rockfish larvae collected from corals sampled during the AFSC bottom-trawl survey,(E)a larval rockfish nestled in a coral of Callogorgia compressa rockfish(Sebastes polyspinis)in 1� collected during the AFSC bottom-trawl survey,and(F)a larval rockfish retrieved from the collection of the AFSC bottom-trawl survey. the western Gulf of Alaska. ,� Bottom Trawling row , .ray°1 x ti r_ �w Pelagic Trawl Gear J MIDWATER TRAWL J i a _ Bearing Swivels cr- - —_ Trawl Wrap Trawl Doors Tail$Middles Lines �.-- �, - Footrope Bridles Pennants t ! n^ OrAies hew to Wong enough to open design of not. Set Bac,c Chain Clump Weights Most 9ridss vary from 4a-Wrnlong . .. Trawled Not Trawled *NMFS research 1990s Trawl exclusion zones,Seguam Pass,Aleutian Islands T Seafloor contact-adjusted commercial fishing footprint Region r Gear l''''°° l''I Contact-adjusted footprint (km2) Bering Sea Bottom Bering Sea Pollock Aleutian Islands Bottom Gulf of Alaska Bottom Gulf of Alaska Pollock Bering SeaLongline 3,279 Gulf of AlaskaEM., Longline 2,895 Bering Sea Pot 2,306 Gulf of AlaskaPot 2,026 Aleutian IslandsLongline 765 Aleutian IslandsPot 341 97%of the contact-adjusted commercial fishing footprint is from trawling T Received:30 May 2019 1 Revised:7 November 2019 1 Accepted:13 November 2019 DOI:10.1111/faL12431 • • • ORIGINAL ARTICLE ` WILEY Choosing best practices for managing impacts of trawl fishing on seabed habitats and biota Robert A.McConnaugheyl Jan G.Hiddink2 Simon Jennings3,a • - - • • C.Roland Pitchers Michel J.Kaisere Petri Suuronen7 1 Marija SciberrasZ I • _ Adriaan D.Rijnsdorp8 Jeremy S.Collie° Tessa Mazor100 Ricardo O Amorosoll Ana M.Parl Ray Hilbornll • • • 'RACE Divisian,Alaska Fisheries Science Center.National Marine Fisheries Service,NOAA,Seattle,WA,USA School of Ocean Sciences,Bangor University,Anglesey.UK 'International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.Copenhagen,Denmark — , — • "School of Environmental Sciences,University of East Anglia,Norwich,UK 'CSIRO Oceans 6 Atmosphere,Queensland Biosciences Precinct.St.Lucia,Gild,Australia The Lyell Centre,Institute of Life and Earth Sciences,School of Energy.G—cience,Infrastructure and Society.Heriot-Watt University.Edinburgh.UK • — , — — • 7Natural Resources Institute Finland(Luke),Helsinki.Finland sWageningen Marine Research,Unnuiden,The Netherlands 'Graduate School of Oceanography,University of Rhode Island.Narragansett,RI,USA "School of Biological Sciences,The University of Queensland,St Lucia,Qld,Australia "School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences,University of Washington,Seattle,WA,USA 'Centro para eI Estudio de Sistemas Marinos.CCT CENPAT-CON ICET,Puerto Madryn,Argentina The Gulf of Alaska is the last place on the west coast still largely open to Alaska bottom trawling Canada Gulf of Alaska 40 41 L Areas currently closed year-round to / bottom trawling Photo:GOA Corals , Gulf of Alaska Trawl Vessel Discards 68 Trawl catcher vessels 11 Factory trawlers Average*24 million lbs of discarded dead bycatch per year including: 5.5 million lbs.of rockfish 150,000 lbs.of 4.6 million lbs.of flatfish habitat-forming 3.1 million lbs.of pollock invertebrates • 2.7 million lbs.of halibut • 1.6 million lbs.of sablefish • 1.2 million lbs.of sharks • 0.9 million lbs.of Pacific cod *Avg. 2015-2019 • 21,000 Chinook salmon • 100,000 tanner crab Proposal Objectives ALASKA • Protect important ecological areas • Freeze the footprint of bottom trawling as a precautionary measure Bering Seo • Protect essential fish habitats and habitat for non-groundfish species including Gulf of Alaska crab, halibut, and lingcod • Protect habitat conservation areas from pelagic and semi-pelagic trawls - that contact the seafloor • Maintain a productive groundfish fishery and minimize bottom trawl Depth Zones displacement T ALASKA Proposal Development Identify - - Bering Seacurrent �■ � ., 640 habitat conservation areas cl• -• yea r- rou nd to . groundfish bottom i630trawling in the central ■ r-� d dd - ■= • western GOAb woo 620 o• • �. \ands • � • � e A utia' ols 670 Gulf of Alaska -Year-round bottom trawl closure(GOA) 0 50 100 200 Year-round bottom trawl closure(statewide) Nautical Miles ALASKA Features Identify Priority Habitat -.. • - . sea Bering Sea pens/sea whips from NOAA DSC database . 640 • - • - • • n ■ sponge gardens 630 n coral • sponge _ • j: 1 'tip habitat •• o � � "• szo Aleutia �I03065 hd 610 Gulf of Alaska / Corals • Sponges -Year-round bottom trawl closure(GOA) 0 50 100 200 Year-round bottom trawl closure(statewide) Nautical Miles ALASKA Priority Habitat Features: corals,sponges& �t •-ns/sea whips Bering Sea cobble and boulder sa 630 � I \ 620 A/eutiam �5� 610 1 Gulf of Alaska Cobble and boulder habitat -Year-round bottom trawl closure(GOA) 0 50 100 200 Year-round bottom trawl closure(statewide) Nautical Miles ALASKA Priority Habitat • corals,spongesBering Sea �• pens/sea whips A . 640 • cobble and boulder A • • 000 rn) " U 630 �• o. 'b � b — � o AVOW 620 Aleutia 103'65 � 610 Gulf of Alaska n Gulf of Alaska Seamount -Year-round bottom trawl closure(GOA) 0 50 100 200 Year-round bottom trawl closure(statewide) Nautical Miles ALASKA Identify the trawl footprint: Global• - Bering Sea ,■ �. A w to • * . 640 • •A non-pelagic trawlobserver data (1993 to ■ - 6302019) ■ o V 620 Aleutia 15\3 d5 610 Gulf of Alaska Global Fishing Watch AIS Trawl Track 2015 to 2019 -Year-round bottom trawl closure(GOA) 0 50 100 200 �i Year-round bottom trawl closure(statewide) Nautical Miles ALASKA Proposed . . open areas Modeled after the Bering Sea �' !• approach already implemented ,r 640 Aleutian 630 ■ . L b — 620 Aleutia I5 ds 670 An Gulf of Alaska _ Global Fishing Watch AIS jam---- Trawl Track 2015 to 2019 Proposed bottom trawl open area -Year-round bottom trawl closure(GOA) 0 50 100 200 Year-round bottom trawl closure(statewide) Nautical Miles ALASKA Proposed Habitat ConservationArea: The area outside the Bering Sea open areas • • be o- • -• to groundfish bottom trawling and pelagic trawls thatj contact the seaf:. o � Ateutia Gulf of Alaska -Proposed Habitat Conservation Area Proposed bottom trawl open area -Year-round bottom trawl closure(GOA) 0 50 100 200 Year-round bottom trawl closure(statewide) Nautical Miles �.T Alaska HABITAT PROTECTED Status Quo Proposed � Canada SEA WHIPS 28% 5996 COBBLE & BOULDER Using this approach,90%oSHELF HABITAT 27% 71% f the Gulf of Alaska would be protected from bottom trawl impacts while preserving 95%of SLOPE HABITAT 1O% 44% trawl fishing effort a Comments, 1Questions? 1 A �-` �_ � ",.•� � �� � • fie 'i There are over 141 unique coral species ' off Alaska - Learn more at: - MYr Y Y � f .................... ......... ..... 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E, Pacific Halibut Spawning Biomass, Catch, and Bycatch trend 1,000,000,000 120,000,000 900,000,000 100,000,000 800,000,000 700,000,000 80,000,000 600,000,000 500,000,000 60,000,000 400,000,000 300,000,000 40,000,000 200,000,000 20,000,000 100,000,000 0 0 00 N cD O It 00 N cD O It 00 N cD O It 00 N cD O �t 00 N cD O �t 00 N cD O �t 00 N cD O 00 M M O O O r-I r-I N N N M M It It It Ln N cD cD cD 1— n 00 00 00 M M O O O r-I r-I N 00 00 00 M M M M a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) O1 Q7 Q7 Q7 Q7 Q7 Q7 Q7 Q7 Q7 Q7 O O O O O O r-I r-I r-I r-I ri ri ri ri ri ri ri ri ri r-I r-I r-I r-I rl -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 rl N N N N N N ■Commercial landings(includes FISS) ■discard mortality(directed commercial) ■recreational —Subsistence ■Groundfish fleet Bycatch mortality ❑female spawning biomass(Areas-as-fleets model) r `a 0' r , .r a 'd 41rrR F BC JJ f r _ Ik ; / 44 ' y> yy w � r r`��`4 /r R s Aw AltAA OP +p �% /�A It AA �� s : Spawning Grounds > > > HypodwOW Larval Migrations Hypothetical Spawning Grounds ►M ► Oftgermft Juvenile Migrations 1 Nursery Grounds > > Hypoltllm6ml Juvenile Migrations Hypothetical Nursery Grounds ► ► ► Ontogenefic Adult Migrations ♦- —►Seasonal Migrations > > > Hy offmtical Adult Migrations Chinook salmon trawl bycatch limits 0 1. Bering Sea Pollock fishery -2007 - maximum estimated Chinook salmon bycatch — 121,770 fish -2010 — Chinook salmon bycatch cap — incentive cap of 47,591 fish, hard cap of 60,000 fish 2. Gulf of Alaska Pollock fishery -2010 — maximum estimated Chinook salmon bycatch — 44,862 fish -2012 — Chinook salmon bycatch cap — hard cap of 25,000 fish 3. Gulf of Alaska bottom trawl fishery (flatfish and cod) -2003 — maximum estimated Chinook salmon bycatch — 10,967 fish -2014 — Chinook salmon bycatch cap — hard cap of 7,500 fish T Percent of Global Fishing Watch AIS Trawl Track Area Inside the Baseline Closures and Proposed Closures 60% 40% Potential for 5% (maximum) displacement of trawl area 20% 14% 16% 9% 10% 9% 0% ■ ■ GOA Total (Areas Shelf(0-200 m) Upper Slope(200- 610-640) 1,000 m) ■GFW Trawl Footprint Area Baseline ■GFW Trawl Footprint Area Proposed